废轮胎粉的热解特性及其动力学模型

对废轮胎粉进行了热重和微商热重(TG/DTG)实验研究,结果表明废轮胎粉的热解主要失重区可以分为3个阶段:第1个阶段主要是少量水分和焦油的析出(热分解),以及增塑剂和其他一些有机助剂的热分解;第2个阶段主要是天然橡胶的热分解;第3个阶段则主要是合成橡胶的热分解.在TG/DTG实验研究的基础上,建立了废轮胎胶粉的热解动力学模型,得到了热解反应活化能和前指因子等参数,并采用积分法确定了热解失重速率函数f(α)在热解低温阶段和高温阶段的函数表达式.动力学模型计算结果与实验结果的对比一致.     

Second Law Analysis of the Optimal Fin by Minimum Entropy Generation

Based on the entropy generation concept of thermodynamics, this paper estabfished a general theoretical model for the analysis of entropy generation to optimize fins, in which the minimum entropy generation was selected as the object to be studied. The irreversibility due to heat transfer and friction was taken into account so that the minimum entropy generation number has been analyzed with respect to second law of thermodynamics in the forced cross-flow. The optimum dimensions of cylinder pins were discussed. It＇s found that the minimum entropy generation number depends on parameters related to the fluid and fin physical parameters. Varlatioms of the minimum entropy generation number with different parameters were analyzed.     

CO对铁丝网卷还原NO的影响实验研究

采用模拟烟气在水平布置的陶瓷管反应器中对金属铁丝网卷直接还原NO气体的特性进行了实验研究.烟气中NO的体积百分比为0.05％,配平气体采用N2,反应温度为300℃-1100℃.实验研究结果表明铁丝卷具有非常好的直接还原NO的能力.在N2气氛中,在500℃以下温度范围铁的脱硝效率低于40％,在500℃-800℃铁的脱硝效率迅速增加,当温度超过900℃后不同尺寸的铁丝卷对NO的脱除效率都超过99％.对铁表面的X光衍射分析(XRD)结果表明铁与NO反应后生成了铁氧化物,在550℃时铁的主要氧化物为Fe3O4,在1100℃时铁的主要氧化物为Fe2O3.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明550℃时铁样品表面比较细密,而1100℃时铁样品表面比较疏松,有利于NO气体向铁内部的扩散,从而利于提高NO脱除率.还原性气体CO通过还原铁的氧化物以保证金属铁和NO的连续反应,从而进一步提高NO的脱除效率.CO气氛中铁和NO反应后的XRD检测结果表明铁样品的主要成分是金属铁,此外含有少量的FeO.在含有16.8％ CO2以及1％-2％O2的模拟烟气条件下,当温度超过1000℃后,反应器中分别加2％和4.1％的CO气体后,铁丝卷脱硝效率可达到大约95％.     

污泥微波热解过程中CaO,ZnCl_2和水蒸气对富氢气体生成特性的影响

在单模微波反应炉中进行了污泥高温微波裂解试验,考察了CaO,ZnCl2和水蒸气对H2,CH4,CO2和CO污泥热解气组分的影响规律及影响机理.研究结果表明,在800~950℃高温条件下,引入CaO或者ZnCl2均能促进热解气中H2体积分数的提升.当CaO和DS(干基污泥)质量比从0增至1∶4时,H2的体积分数从34%提升至39.5%,然而,进一步提高CaO和DS的质量比对H2体积分数的影响并不显著.ZnCl2的效果较CaO更为显著,当ZnCl2和DS质量比从0增至1∶2时,H2的体积分数从34%提升至47.5%.高温微波热解过程中引入水蒸气有利于富氢气体的生成,在800~950℃条件下,引入0.69g/min的水蒸气时,H2体积分数达到50%,提高了49.2%.研究还表明,CaO或ZnCl2与水蒸气进行联合催化气化时,在促进富氢气体生成方面优于催化剂或水蒸气单独作用下的效果.     

太阳能烟囱强化自然通风的研究现状

 自然通风是一种节能的被动式通风冷却技术,其原理是在由温差引起的热压或风压的作用下驱动室内空间的空气自然流动,与机械通风相比,自然通风具有显著的节能优点。太阳能烟囱利用太阳辐射加热烟囱通道内的空气,提高温差,从而强化自然通风。本研究介绍了太阳能集热墙体(Trombe)式和倾斜集热板屋顶式两种典型太阳能烟囱的结构及其强化自然通风的基本原理。详细讨论了影响太阳能烟囱通风性能的主要因素,并介绍国内外学者对太阳能烟囱的主要研究方法和相关研究成果。太阳能烟囱的高度和深度(玻璃盖板与集热墙的间距)影响烟囱内空气的温升以及空气的自然对流的流动特点,从而影响了太阳能烟囱的自然通风流量。空气流量随着烟囱深度的增加而增加,但烟囱深度超过一定值后空气流量不增反减。当烟囱的深高比超过2.5后,烟囱出口端会出现逆流,从而抑制了通风量的增加。集热墙的结构以及倾斜角度对太阳能烟囱自然通风效果的影响与地理位置和气候条件等因素有关。研究太阳能烟囱自然通风的理论方法包括基于能量平衡分析的模型和基于计算流体力学的数值模拟。分析了太阳能烟囱自然通风研究中需要改进的问题。     

A Revised CFB Wall-to-suspension Heat Transfer Model

Based on the Cluster Renewal Model of the particle motion in a CFB riser, a revised heat transfer model is developed, which introduces the latest research results of the hydrodynamics of the suspension flow in CFB. This model divides the heat transfer into two parts, which are due to the transient heat conduction by the covered clusters and the convection between the uncovered wall and the dispersed phase. Radiation at high temperature is regarded as being additive. The fraction of the covered wall by clusters is revised by a new formula, which is a function of the operating condition and the particle properties. The radiation between the dispersed phase and the uncovered wall includes not only the direct radiation to the uncovered wall, but also the radiation to the clusters and then reflected to the uncovered wall. Calculation was carried out for the CFB heat transfer model. The results were compared with the published typical experimental data of other researchers and showed a good agreement between them.     

Finite Difference Approach for Estimating the Thermal Conductivity by 6-point Crank-Nicolson Scheme

Introduction Inengineeringthermo physicsandpowerengineering fields,thethermalphysicalparametersareverycriticalfor calculationanddesign.Thephysicalparametersofmaterial areusuallydeterminedbyexperiments.Alongwiththe academicachievementsofrelatedfields,thestudyon materialthermalparametershasfocusedontheoretical methodsinadditiontotheexperimentalmeasurement.Fromthepointofviewofheattransfer,it srelatedtothe InverseHeatConductionProblem(IHCP)andhasbeena topicwhichattractedwideresearchinterests.M…