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WANG Bo WANG Fei ZHANG Qun WEI You |shuan .School of Management Beijing University of Aeronautics Astronautics Beijing China .School of Management Beijing University of Science Technology Beijing Chin 《系统科学与系统工程学报(英文版)》2000,(2)
1 IntroductionTheJobShopSchedulingProblemisawell-knownNP-hardproblem,whichattractslotsofmathematiciansallovertheworldspendingmuchtimeandenergyinthisfield.Uptonowtherearemanyefficientheuristicalgorithms,whichhadalreadybeendeveloped,buttheinfeasiblesolutioncertainlypossessesthemajorityofsearchspacewhichhasinfluencedtheefficiencyofthesealgorithms.Atthemoment,noonehasbeenfoundtobededicatingtothequantitativeanalysisoftheinfeasiblesolutionproblem.InthispaperthestructureofinfeasiblesolutiontoJSS… 相似文献
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Green PH Alaedini A Sander HW Brannagan TH Latov N Chin RL 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2005,62(7-8):791-799
The extra-intestinal manifestations of celiac disease (CD), including ataxia and peripheral neuropathy, are increasingly being recognized as the presenting symptoms of this autoimmune disease. Although there is a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of the intestinal lesions in CD the mechanisms behind the neurologic manifestations of CD have not been elucidated. In this article, the authors review the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the histopathologic changes in the intestine, discuss the presentation and characteristics of neurologic manifestations of CD, review the data on the mechanisms behind these manifestations, and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of CD. Molecular mimicry and intermolecular help may play a role in the development of neurologic complications.Received 11 March 2004; received after revision 29 October 2004; accepted 12 November 2004 相似文献
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The known tungsten deposits of China, that are workable, fall into the following industrial as well as genetic types:1. Hypothermal wolframite-quartz veins,2. Pyrometasomatic scheelite deposits,3. Hypothermal scheelite-quartz veins,4. Scheelite-quartz veins, shear-zone deposits, replacement deposits along brecciated zones of epithermal and mesothermal types,5. Wolframite-, huebnerite-, or ferberite-quartz veins, sheeted-zone deposits, and replacement fillings along brecciated zones of epithermal and mesothermal types,6. Placer deposits. 相似文献
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Stephens PJ Tarpey PS Davies H Van Loo P Greenman C Wedge DC Nik-Zainal S Martin S Varela I Bignell GR Yates LR Papaemmanuil E Beare D Butler A Cheverton A Gamble J Hinton J Jia M Jayakumar A Jones D Latimer C Lau KW McLaren S McBride DJ Menzies A Mudie L Raine K Rad R Chapman MS Teague J Easton D Langerød A;Oslo Breast Cancer Consortium 《Nature》2012,486(7403):400-404
All cancers carry somatic mutations in their genomes. A subset, known as driver mutations, confer clonal selective advantage on cancer cells and are causally implicated in oncogenesis, and the remainder are passenger mutations. The driver mutations and mutational processes operative in breast cancer have not yet been comprehensively explored. Here we examine the genomes of 100 tumours for somatic copy number changes and mutations in the coding exons of protein-coding genes. The number of somatic mutations varied markedly between individual tumours. We found strong correlations between mutation number, age at which cancer was diagnosed and cancer histological grade, and observed multiple mutational signatures, including one present in about ten per cent of tumours characterized by numerous mutations of cytosine at TpC dinucleotides. Driver mutations were identified in several new cancer genes including AKT2, ARID1B, CASP8, CDKN1B, MAP3K1, MAP3K13, NCOR1, SMARCD1 and TBX3. Among the 100 tumours, we found driver mutations in at least 40 cancer genes and 73 different combinations of mutated cancer genes. The results highlight the substantial genetic diversity underlying this common disease. 相似文献
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Smith CC Wang Q Chin CS Salerno S Damon LE Levis MJ Perl AE Travers KJ Wang S Hunt JP Zarrinkar PP Schadt EE Kasarskis A Kuriyan J Shah NP 《Nature》2012,485(7397):260-263
Effective targeted cancer therapeutic development depends upon distinguishing disease-associated 'driver' mutations, which have causative roles in malignancy pathogenesis, from 'passenger' mutations, which are dispensable for cancer initiation and maintenance. Translational studies of clinically active targeted therapeutics can definitively discriminate driver from passenger lesions and provide valuable insights into human cancer biology. Activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) are detected in approximately 20% of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients and are associated with a poor prognosis. Abundant scientific and clinical evidence, including the lack of convincing clinical activity of early FLT3 inhibitors, suggests that FLT3-ITD probably represents a passenger lesion. Here we report point mutations at three residues within the kinase domain of FLT3-ITD that confer substantial in vitro resistance to AC220 (quizartinib), an active investigational inhibitor of FLT3, KIT, PDGFRA, PDGFRB and RET; evolution of AC220-resistant substitutions at two of these amino acid positions was observed in eight of eight FLT3-ITD-positive AML patients with acquired resistance to AC220. Our findings demonstrate that FLT3-ITD can represent a driver lesion and valid therapeutic target in human AML. AC220-resistant FLT3 kinase domain mutants represent high-value targets for future FLT3 inhibitor development efforts. 相似文献
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Marchis F Hestroffer D Descamps P Berthier J Bouchez AH Campbell RD Chin JC van Dam MA Hartman SK Johansson EM Lafon RE Le Mignant D de Pater I Stomski PJ Summers DM Vachier F Wizinovich PL Wong MH 《Nature》2006,439(7076):565-567
The Trojan population consists of two swarms of asteroids following the same orbit as Jupiter and located at the L4 and L5 stable Lagrange points of the Jupiter-Sun system (leading and following Jupiter by 60 degrees ). The asteroid 617 Patroclus is the only known binary Trojan. The orbit of this double system was hitherto unknown. Here we report that the components, separated by 680 km, move around the system's centre of mass, describing a roughly circular orbit. Using this orbital information, combined with thermal measurements to estimate the size of the components, we derive a very low density of 0.8(- 0.1)+0.2 g cm(-3). The components of 617 Patroclus are therefore very porous or composed mostly of water ice, suggesting that they could have been formed in the outer part of the Solar System. 相似文献
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PRDM16 controls a brown fat/skeletal muscle switch 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Seale P Bjork B Yang W Kajimura S Chin S Kuang S Scimè A Devarakonda S Conroe HM Erdjument-Bromage H Tempst P Rudnicki MA Beier DR Spiegelman BM 《Nature》2008,454(7207):961-967
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A rare penetrant mutation in CFH confers high risk of age-related macular degeneration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1