A Study on the Surface Structures of Viscose-based Activated Carbon Fiber by FT-IR Spectroscopy and XPS

Using viscose fiber (VF) as starting material and common steam as activating agent, formation of oxygen structures in activated carbon fiber is investigated. In the preparation of samples, VF was first heated at temperatures between 450℃ and 900℃ in N_2 artmosphere. Then, in a successive activation stage, the product carbonized at 600℃ was activated in steam at 450-900℃ for 30 min, and at 600℃ for 5-30 min. The other carbonization products were activated at 600 and 900℃ for 30 min respectively. The products activated at 900℃ were then activated at 450℃ for 30 min again. The starting materiah carbonized products and all activation products were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy and some products were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). And the yields of the carbonized and activated products were calculated. By analysing these spectra, the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups of the activated products attained under various activation time, various activation temperature and     

A STUDY OF THE IMPOVEMENT OF TENACITY OF POLYACRYLONITRILE PREOXIDED FIBRE BY USING CUPROUS SALT

Polyacrylonitrile preoxided fibre PANOF is an intermediate in carbon fibre preparation. Thequality of PANOF is closely related to the property and structure of carbon fibre. In this paper, thermal mechanical analysis(TMA), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), swell-ing differential scanning calorimetry(SDSC)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)wereused to study the increase in tenacity of PANOF from the precursor treated with cuprous salt It has been discovered that the cuprous salt reacts strongly with the uncyclized CN of PANOF,resulting in an increase in the tenacity of PANOF by 30%. The results shwo that the cause of thistenacity improvement is the formation of coordinated complex. Cu~+is the central ion, and PANOFthe ligand. It is due to the coordinate bond that the network structure is formed from uncyclizedCN of PANOF. Therefore the tenacity of PANOF is remarkably increased.     

铜盐对聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维增强作用的研究

聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维(以下简称PANOF)是碳纤维生产过程中的中间产品,其性能的好坏与最终产品碳纤维的优劣密切相关。本文采用热机械分折(TMA)、热失重分折(TGA)、溶胀差示扫描量热分折(SDSC)、X光电子能谱分折(XPS)等实验方法研究了铜盐对PANOF的增强作用。发现Cu~+与PANOF中未环化的氰基有着强烈的相互作用。经铜盐处理后所制得的PANOF,其强度可增加30％。研究结果表明,PANOF得以增强的原因是由于发生了以Cu~+为中心离子,PANOF作为配位体的络合作用。络合配位键的生成使未环化的氰基得以交联,交联网络的形成使PANOF的强度明显提高。     

高纯度PAN基碳纤维及其原丝的研制

对用几种方法制取的高纯度PAN原丝进行了分析对比,选取了以无碱金属引发体系的HNO_3溶液聚合工艺制得原液并纺制了碱金属及碱土金属总含量小于100ppm的高纯级PAN原丝。将其与其余三种一般纯度的PAN纤维以同样氧化、碳化工艺制得了碳纤维,并以密度、质量比电阻、X—光衍射、扫描电子显微镜、热分析及原子吸收光谱等方法研究了高纯碳丝及原丝的特点。     

PAN预氧化纤维的分段碳化工艺研究

本文通过对PAN预氧化纤维在碳化过程中的热裂解反应机理的分析,采用了以600℃为分界点的两段碳化工艺。对有关分段碳化的温度、碳化时间、张力及保护气氛等对最终碳纤维的力学性能的影响,作了较详细的研究。     

Effects of Electrochemical Treatment on the Superficial Properties of Rayon-based Carbon Fibers

The development of surface acidity on rayon-based carbon fibers during mild electrochemical treatment was investigated. Conductimetric titration was the primary method used to investigate the functionalities on the carbon fiber surface. The acidity on the surface of the untreated carbon fiber was very low, while for the treated fibers, the acidity increased significantly. Moreover, with the treatment extent proceeded, the acidity on the fiber surface also increased. SEM analysis shows electrochemical treatment under intense treatment degree caused considerable etch on the fiber surface. Cavities and grooves can be observed on the surface via the SEM microphotograph. While in a more mild treatment, electrochemical treatment didn't cause great etch on the surface of the fiber.     

冰表面结构及其物理特性的新探索

冰是自然界中最广泛存在的物质之一,对人类生存乃至整个自然界变化都有重要的影响,因此对其本质的研究一直吸引着科学家们的广泛兴趣．尽管上百年来科学界对冰的各种形态及其相变规律做了大量研究,但对冰的表面结构及其相应物理化学性质的了解仍然非常有限．近几年来,我们在冰表面的结构及其物理化学特性的研究中取得了一些新的进展．首次提出了可以描述冰表面氢原子（悬挂OH键）结构有序度的序参量,并发现冰表面结构在融化前比体内更加有序的现象．进一步的研究显示冰表面序参量跟冰表面分子空位的形成和小分子的吸附有着密切的联系．序参量大也就是悬挂OH键排布越不均匀的冰表面的分子越容易形成空位,而分子吸附也越容易发生．     

Catalytic Pyrolyses of Rayon and the Effect on Activated Carbon Fiber

Introduction Sinceactivatedcarbonfiber(ACF)appearedinUK, ithasbeenstudiedandproducedoncommercialscalefor tensofyears.Owingtoitsspecialporestructures, excellentabsorptionandextensiveuses,ACFhasattached muchimportanceovertheworld[1,2].Butitsapplications arestillgreatlylimitedforitsveryexpensiveprice.RayonnowisthemajorrawmaterialofACFinindustryinthat theproductiontechniquefromrayoniseasyandreliable. Catalystsplayanimportantroleinrayon basedACF smanufacture.Theycanacceleratethedehydrati…     

补强粘胶基碳纤维性能的研究

X-Ray衍射、小角X-Ray散射、SEM等方法对补强处理前后的RCF样品进行测试分析,结果表明,补强后的RCF抗拉强度大幅度提高,结晶度增加,表面缺陷减少.     

电化学表面处理对粘胶基碳纤维热稳定性的影响

通过热失重分析研究了在不同电化学表面处理条件下粘胶基碳纤维的热稳定性，实验表明未经表面处理的碳纤维在复合材料中的最高使用温度大约为300℃，而表面处理过的粘胶基碳纤维在复合材料中的最高使用温度下降了。因而在选择电化学表面处理条件时，既要考虑使表面性能提高，也要使纤维的热稳定性没有大的下降。