Unburned Carbon Loss in Fly Ash of CFB Boilers Burning Hard Coal

The unburned carbon loss in fly ash of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, most of which are burning active fuels such as lignite or peat, is normally very low. However, most CFB boilers in China usually burn hard coals such as anthracite and bituminous coal and coal wastes, so the carbon content in the fly ash from these boilers is higher than expected. This paper investigates the source of unburned carbon in the fly ash of CFB boilers burning hard coal through a series of field tests and laboratory investigations. The char behavior during combustion, including fragmentation and deactivation, which is related to the parent coal, has an important impact on the carbon burnout in CFB boilers. The research shows that char deactivation occurs during char burnout in fluidized bed combustion, especially for large particles of low rank coal. The uneven mixing of solids and air in the core region of the furnace also causes poor burnout of carbon in CFB fly ash. An index describing the volatile content (as dry ash free basis) over the heating value is proposed to present the coal rank. The coal combustion efficiency is shown to be strongly connected with this coal index. Several changes in the CFB boiler design are suggested to reduce the unburned carbon loss in the fly ash.     

循环流化床锅炉炉膛内气体浓度的分布

循环流化床锅炉炉膛中气体组分反映了燃烧过程，影响了燃烧效率和脱硫效率．采用自行研制开发的水冷探针，对循环流化床锅炉炉膛中气体浓度分布进行了热态测试．测试结果表明，不同操作条件下沿炉膛轴向和径向气体浓度存在差异，高循环流率循环流化床锅炉存在严重的混合问题，在循环流化床锅炉燃烧室中心区存在三角形的贫氧区．二次风的穿透力直接影响到燃烧效率．增加二次风速可以使混合问题得到改善，飞灰含碳量下降．