生命起源的学说之争与研究发展史

自从2000多年前,古希腊思想家、哲学家亚里士多德（Aristotle,公元前384-322）倡导"自生论"以来,人类关于生命起源的认识与研究一直都在不断深入和发展。纵观历史,可见其发展既有持续性,又有阶段性。经过一定阶段的发展或学术争论之后,往往又有个突破性发展时期。学说之争关于地球上的生命起源问题,人类历经2000多年的探索和研究,到目前仅流行的学说或观点就不下数十种。但如果从学说或理论方面来概括,所有这些理论或学说又都可以归结为两大类,一是主张地外起源的"宇宙胚种论";一是主张地表起源的"化学起源说"。从根本上来看,…     

Development of Postgraduate Education in Chemical Engineering

1 Development of Postgraduate Education There were only 200 postgraduates were honored master degree from the year 1935 to 1949 in old China. While, after the establishment of new China, the postgraduate education has developed in a certain degree, there were 23,000 postgraduates were enrolled from 1950 to 1965, and there were no postgraduates during the period of 1966 to 1977 due to the "culture revolution".     

CHARACTERIZATION OF SOL-GEL-DERIVED ZrO2 FILM BY PHOTOTHERMAL RADIOMETRY

In modern industry,thin film on the substratc has much important role to decide the properties of product, especially for electrical, optical and wear-resistant etc, production. There are some technical methods to prepare thin film,including plasma spray,physical vapor deposition (PVD),chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sol-gel,etc. Among of them,sol-gel method has been developed a popular tech nique for preparing thin films.     

关于地球生命起源"同源说"

地球上的生命起源问题是一个千古之谜,也是现代科学亟待解决的难题.从20世纪80年代起,笔者就现有主要学说及其引证材料和相关事实进行多学科综合研究,以此提出了地球上的生命起源与地球形成同源的假说,即"生命地球同源说",并不断发展与完善.本文试以生命起源研究或争论中的一些关键和核心问题--如地球生命起源的环境问题、时间问题、有机演化问题以及相关的一些科学问题等为焦点,通过分析讨论阐明"同源说"的基本思想和主要观点,并以此来解释生命起源研究中的某些问题和现象,进而就"同源说"提出的不同于现有生命起源学说的一些观点和论点进行综合分析和阐述.     

三个4,5-二氮芴-9-酮铜(Ⅱ)配合物的合成和光谱研究

合成了三个4,5-二氮芴-9-酮铜(Ⅱ)配合物[Cu(AFO)(bpe)2](ClO4)2·3CH3OH(1)、Cu(AFO)(C7H4O3SN)2·3/2H2O(2)和Cu(AFO)2(CCl3COO)2·3H2O(3)[AFO为4,5-二氮芴-9-酮,NaC7H4O3SN为糖精钠,bpe是1,2-二(4-吡啶)乙烯],确定了其组成,进行了红外光谱研究.     

盐酸介质中咖啡因在冷轧钢上的吸附及缓蚀作用

利用失重法和塔菲尔极化曲线方法研究了盐酸介质中咖啡因对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用．结果表明：咖啡因对冷轧钢在0．5moL／L盐酸溶液中的腐蚀有着良好的抑制作用，缓蚀率随咖啡因浓度增加而升高；在一定浓度范围内随着温度升高而增加；其在冷轧钢表面吸附基本符合Langmuir等温式．咖啡因对钢在盐酸中的阳极反应和阴极反应均有抑制作用，但主要是通过抑制阴极反应而起到缓蚀作用。     

Effect of retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions on the thermal/electrical properties and resistance spot welding nuggets of Si-containing TRIP steels

Five advanced high-strength transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) steels with different chemical compositions were studied to correlate the retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusion content with their physical properties and the characteristics of the resistance spot welding nuggets. Electrical and thermal properties and equilibrium phases of TRIP steels were predicted using the JMatPro? software. Retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions were quantified by X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization techniques. The nonmetallic inclusions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the contents of Si, C, Al, and Mn in TRIP steels increase both the retained austenite and the nonmetallic inclusion contents. We found that nonmetallic inclusions affect the thermal and electrical properties of the TRIP steels and that the differences between these properties tend to result in different cooling rates during the welding process. The results are discussed in terms of the electrical and thermal properties determined from the chemical composition and their impact on the resistance spot welding nuggets.     

基于改进Sobel算法的焊缝X射线图像气孔识别方法

提出一种具有自适应能力的焊缝X射线图像气孔检测方法.通过局部动态阈值分割法设计了多方向的焊缝X射线图像模板,采用Sobel算法对复杂背景下的焊缝进行边缘检测和区域标记,并在标记区域对原始图像x和y方向的灰度梯度进行分析,以增强小气孔和粘连气孔的识别能力.检测应用效果表明,所提出的方法具有良好的自适应能力且准确快速,能够有效地克服人工评片中产生的漏判与误判等缺点,并且能够存储和查询检测数据.