Ecological Water Requirement Estimates for Typical Areas in the Huaihe Basin

Aquatic ecosystems require ecological water allocation to prevent from being damaged by natural disasters and undue exploitation. This paper discusses and estimates the ecological water requirements （EWRs） of typical areas in the Huaihe Basin to determine rational allocations of water resources and pro- mote regional improvements of the ecological environment. The main river course, including Hongze Lake and Nansi Lake, was selected as the study subject. Calculational methods for the river and lake EWRs were based on the reasonableness of the results and data availability. The monthly guarantee rate method was used to calculate monthly, flood period, non-flood period, and annual EWRs for the main river course and the main tributaries at two different guarantee rates. The minimum water level method was used to calculate annual EWRs for Hongze Lake and the upper and lower Nansi Lake of 1.521×10^9 m^3, 0.637×10^9 m^3, and 0.306×10^9 m^3. The results were used to evaluate the rationality of the quantity of water resources allocated to ecological uses in the Huaihe Basin during 1998-2003. The result shows that the present water resource allocations in the Huaihe Basin cannot satisfy the basic ecological requirements for some years, especially years with less precipitation.     

水厂快滤过程的动态模型

开发一种用于风险评估的水厂快滤过程动态模型。该模型集成了新的水力学过程概化。将过滤过程描述为水力学过程和生化反应过程两个模块。将过滤过程中的水力学过程概化为孔隙率发生变化导致水头发生变化的过程;将生化反应过程概化为扩散、生物降解、吸附、脱附和反冲洗等过程,从而建立可模拟不同污染物的普适性水厂快滤动态模型。以氨氮、浊度和CODMn为例使用现场监测数据对该模型进行率定。结果表明模拟值与监测值吻合较好。