微机测量转矩和转速的方法与应用

论述了一种微机测量转矩和转速的原理与方法，利用微机的时钟脉冲研制出一种精度达微秒级的时种，用此时钟测量转矩的误差小于１％，测量转速的误差小于１‰；在实际应用中提出了解决现场信号不稳定的两种测量方法，即周期计数和定时截取的测量方法。     

食品实物与模型在糖尿病饮食教育中的应用效果

目的探索一种有利于患者接受、理解和实践的糖尿病饮食教育模式。方法将72例糖尿病患者随机分为试验组和对照组,对照组进行传统的健康饮食宣教,试验组采用食品实物与模型为教具实施饮食教育。通过饮食知识测试及监测血糖变化观察教育效果。结果对照组和试验组饮食知识测试得分各为35～90分(平均65分)、85～95分(平均91分),统计学上差异有非常显著性(P<0.O1)。两组病人教育前后血糖均有下降,试验组明显优于对照组且有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论食品实物与模型具有直观明了、形象逼真的特点,用其来进行饮食知识教育,是一种较为满意的理论与实践相结合的教育形式。     

钢铁件常温快速有机磷化的研究

研究了一种常温快速有机磷化液．该液工作稳定性好，适应性广，磷化工艺操作简单，综合成本低．磷化膜均匀致密，具有优良的耐蚀性．     

T cells become licensed in the lung to enter the central nervous system

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the environment of the central nervous system (CNS) guard the nervous tissue from peripheral immune cells. In the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, myelin-reactive T-cell blasts are thought to transgress the BBB and create a pro-inflammatory environment in the CNS, thereby making possible a second autoimmune attack that starts from the leptomeningeal vessels and progresses into the parenchyma. Using a Lewis rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we show here that contrary to the expectations of this concept, T-cell blasts do not efficiently enter the CNS and are not required to prepare the BBB for immune-cell recruitment. Instead, intravenously transferred T-cell blasts gain the capacity to enter the CNS after residing transiently within the lung tissues. Inside the lung tissues, they move along and within the airways to bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes before they enter the blood circulation from where they reach the CNS. Effector T cells transferred directly into the airways showed a similar migratory pattern and retained their full pathogenicity. On their way the T cells fundamentally reprogrammed their gene-expression profile, characterized by downregulation of their activation program and upregulation of cellular locomotion molecules together with chemokine and adhesion receptors. The adhesion receptors include ninjurin 1, which participates in T-cell intravascular crawling on cerebral blood vessels. We detected that the lung constitutes a niche not only for activated T cells but also for resting myelin-reactive memory T cells. After local stimulation in the lung, these cells strongly proliferate and, after assuming migratory properties, enter the CNS and induce paralytic disease. The lung could therefore contribute to the activation of potentially autoaggressive T cells and their transition to a migratory mode as a prerequisite to entering their target tissues and inducing autoimmune disease.