Loss of ACTN3 gene function alters mouse muscle metabolism and shows evidence of positive selection in humans

More than a billion humans worldwide are predicted to be completely deficient in the fast skeletal muscle fiber protein alpha-actinin-3 owing to homozygosity for a premature stop codon polymorphism, R577X, in the ACTN3 gene. The R577X polymorphism is associated with elite athlete status and human muscle performance, suggesting that alpha-actinin-3 deficiency influences the function of fast muscle fibers. Here we show that loss of alpha-actinin-3 expression in a knockout mouse model results in a shift in muscle metabolism toward the more efficient aerobic pathway and an increase in intrinsic endurance performance. In addition, we demonstrate that the genomic region surrounding the 577X null allele shows low levels of genetic variation and recombination in individuals of European and East Asian descent, consistent with strong, recent positive selection. We propose that the 577X allele has been positively selected in some human populations owing to its effect on skeletal muscle metabolism.     

Natural variation for sulfate content in Arabidopsis thaliana is highly controlled by APR2

Most agronomic traits of importance, whether physiological (such as nutrient use efficiency) or developmental (such as flowering time), are controlled simultaneously by multiple genes and their interactions with the environment. Here, we show that variation in sulfate content between wild Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Bay-0 and Shahdara is controlled by a major quantitative trait locus that results in a strong interaction with nitrogen availability in the soil. Combining genetic and biochemical results and using a candidate gene approach, we have cloned the underlying gene, showing how a single-amino acid substitution in a key enzyme of the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase, is responsible for a decrease in enzyme activity, leading to sulfate accumulation in the plant. This work illustrates the potential of natural variation as a source of new alleles of known genes, which can aid in the study of gene function and metabolic pathway regulation. Our new insights on sulfate assimilation may have an impact on sulfur fertilizer use and stress defense improvement.     

电铲铲斗齿的修复工艺

通过分析铲斗齿的磨损原因，提出了采用堆焊的方法对铲斗齿进行修复。详细介绍了铲斗齿的修复工艺，堆焊材料的选择及堆焊时应注意的事项。实践表明，此修复工艺切实可行，取得了令人满意的效果。     

中侏罗世枫杨属果序化石的发现及意义

华北燕辽地区中侏罗世植物群中的一段枫杨属Ｐｔｅｒｏｃａｒｙａ果序化石，其形态、结构及习性，与现代枫杨属枫杨组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｐｔｅｒｏｃａｒｙａ各种的果序酷似．这一事实表明：中侏罗世的枫杨属已具有现代水平，而自中侏罗世至现代，该属变异甚微；该属在中侏罗世之前已经过长期演化．这与研究同一侏罗纪化石植物群中的鼠李科植物时所见情况相同．显然，柔荑花序植物及木兰型植物在中侏罗世或更早的时代，已共生于中国北部，不能排除枫杨属，或连同胡桃科的其他属，曾于中生代之前起源于华北     

应用于MIS中的结构管理设计法

提出了MIS结构管理器的概念及实现方法,并在此基础上提出了一种用结构管理器控制MIS系统结构的设计方法。该方法可以提高MIS系统自动生成的程度、提高系统的可维护性、缩短MIS系统的开发周期,具有广泛的适应面。     

SOUND RADIATION FROM PLATES ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION UNDER ACTION OF MOVING LINE FORCES

An analysis is made of the problem of sound radiation from infinite one-dimensional plateson elastic foundation, when the plates are subjected to the action of harmonic line forces movingat subsonic speeds (M < 1). The expressions of nondimensional sound power are formulated andthe asymptotic forms of sound power in the low frequency regions are derived. The radiatedsound power is shown as a function of the stiffness of elastic foundation, in terms of stiffness fac-torψ, the moving speed of line force, in terms of Math number M, and the frequency, in termsof wavenumber ratio γ . The effects of the parameter ψ in conjunction with the parameters Mand γ on the radiated sound power level and the phenomenon of coincidence radiation are alsoinvestigated in detail.     

广义耦合KGS方程的整体强解

研究了广义耦合KGS方程的初边值问题和Cauchy问题。利用非线性项在分数次Besov空间中的估计及抽象发展方程的结果,在一般的条件下,获得了该问题整体强解的存在唯一性定理。