Prediction of Absorption Enthalpy from Solubility Data for the MDEA-H_2O-CO_2 System

IntroductionThe absorption of CO2 by a solution of methyldiethanol amine ( MDEA) and H2 O is widely usedfor decarbonization processes in the syntheticammonia industry. This solution has advantages ofgood absorbency,low energy consumption,andlow degree deg…     

Separation of Organic Dyes from Water by Colloidal Gas Aphrons

IntroductionColloidal gas aphrons ( CGAs) are dispersions ofvery small microbubbles( usually of diameters inthe range of2 5 1 2 5 μm) distributed in an aqueousmedium. Sebba[1] first reported colloidal gasaphrons in 1 971 . Colloidal gas aphrons are gasbu…     

The implantation of sepharose beads in mouse livers as an aid in the study of hepatic schistosomal fibrosis

Summary An experimental model of schistosomal portal fibrosis is described. Sepharose beads the size of schistosome eggs, loaded or not with soluble egg antigen (SEA) fromSchistosoma mansoni, are injected into the coecal vein of C3H/Sn mice and become embolized in the liver. Only SEA-coated beads evoke a granulomatous reaction; this is enhanced by simultaneous priming of the mice with spleen cells fromSchistosoma mansoni-infected syngeneic animals. The fibrosis, which ensues around the beads, is stable and is much more evident after priming. Preliminary collagen tissue immunotyping reveals the presence of collagen deposits of types I and III collagen. Type IV collagen remains unchanged in the portal tracts. The model appears to be well suited for studies of the pathogenesis of portal fibrosis.This work was supported by a contract from INSERM (Action Spéciale No 3).     

Genome evolution in yeasts

Identifying the mechanisms of eukaryotic genome evolution by comparative genomics is often complicated by the multiplicity of events that have taken place throughout the history of individual lineages, leaving only distorted and superimposed traces in the genome of each living organism. The hemiascomycete yeasts, with their compact genomes, similar lifestyle and distinct sexual and physiological properties, provide a unique opportunity to explore such mechanisms. We present here the complete, assembled genome sequences of four yeast species, selected to represent a broad evolutionary range within a single eukaryotic phylum, that after analysis proved to be molecularly as diverse as the entire phylum of chordates. A total of approximately 24,200 novel genes were identified, the translation products of which were classified together with Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins into about 4,700 families, forming the basis for interspecific comparisons. Analysis of chromosome maps and genome redundancies reveal that the different yeast lineages have evolved through a marked interplay between several distinct molecular mechanisms, including tandem gene repeat formation, segmental duplication, a massive genome duplication and extensive gene loss.     

The problem of calculating the circular dichroism signals of the 10 nearest neighbor configurations of DNA]

Due to linear constraints over the nearest neighbour frequencies the order of the linear dependence of DNA CD spectra is 8. The computation of the CD signals of the 10 nearest neighbour configurations is therefore not possible if these signals are linearly independent. We show that the method proposed by Allen et coll. does not allow to obtain these signals.     

Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution. A viral sequence from 1959 (ZR59) is the oldest known HIV-1 infection. Other historically documented sequences, important calibration points to convert evolutionary distance into time, are lacking, however; ZR59 is the only one sampled before 1976. Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a Bouin's-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsy specimen obtained in 1960 from an adult female in Léopoldville, Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)), and we use them to conduct the first comparative evolutionary genetic study of early pre-AIDS epidemic HIV-1 group M viruses. Phylogenetic analyses position this viral sequence (DRC60) closest to the ancestral node of subtype A (excluding A2). Relaxed molecular clock analyses incorporating DRC60 and ZR59 date the most recent common ancestor of the M group to near the beginning of the twentieth century. The sizeable genetic distance between DRC60 and ZR59 directly demonstrates that diversification of HIV-1 in west-central Africa occurred long before the recognized AIDS pandemic. The recovery of viral gene sequences from decades-old paraffin-embedded tissues opens the door to a detailed palaeovirological investigation of the evolutionary history of HIV-1 that is not accessible by other methods.