Targeted mutation of Cyln2 in the Williams syndrome critical region links CLIP-115 haploinsufficiency to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mice

Williams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the hemizygous deletion of 1.6 Mb on human chromosome 7q11.23. This region comprises the gene CYLN2, encoding CLIP-115, a microtubule-binding protein of 115 kD. Using a gene-targeting approach, we provide evidence that mice with haploinsufficiency for Cyln2 have features reminiscent of Williams syndrome, including mild growth deficiency, brain abnormalities, hippocampal dysfunction and particular deficits in motor coordination. Absence of CLIP-115 also leads to increased levels of CLIP-170 (a closely related cytoplasmic linker protein) and dynactin at the tips of growing microtubules. This protein redistribution may affect dynein motor regulation and, together with the loss of CLIP-115-specific functions, underlie neurological alterations in Williams syndrome.     

MUL TIPLICATIVE NOISE IN TRANSIENT LASER INTENSITY

Effects of multiplicatioe noise in transient laser intensity are investigated theoretically. Analytic solutions are calculated through a reduced Fokker-Planck equation and the results with different pump parameters are discussed.     

SURFACE SPIN WAVES FOR A SEMI-INFINITE FERRIMAGNET WITH A SINGLE ION UNIAXIAL ANISOTROPY IN THE PRESENCE OF MAGNETIC IMPURITY LAYER

A C3Cl-type(bcc)-semi-infinite ferrimagnet with a single-ion uniaxial anisotropy and a magnetic impurity layer is considered through combining Green‘s function theory with the transfer-mairx method.The effect of the anisotropy term and the impurity layer on surface spin wave specirum is discussed.The influence of the impurity layer‘s distance from the surface or surface spin woves is also concerned.