可动态维护的软件体系结构

将软件维护的方法和技术划分为方法级、源代码级和目标代码级等３个层次,并给出了可在目标代码级支持软件动态维护的软件的体系结构。     

逻辑功能与逻辑体制

对同一逻辑门电路，既可采用正逻辑体制，亦可采用负逻辑体制，还可采秀混和逻辑体制，选用何种逻辑体制，应视分析和设计逻辑电路的方便与否而定。     

质量控制图控制界限的优化研究

本文针对现行质量控制中以“3σ”作为控制图控制界限的方法,以X—R控制图为例,通过对控制图控制界限(K)与两类错误(α和β)发生的概率及其损失费用的分析,提出了最优控制界限的观点,建立了两类错误损失费用的数学模型,给出了主要研究过程和最优控制界限(K)的算式,并对其结果的一般性和优化性做了进一步的讨论和研究。最后,文章通过实例对其优化结果和“3σ”法的结果进行了比较和分析,以说明其优化性。     

装箱机械手及其控制系统的设计

本文介绍连杆式装箱机械手的结构原理,并根据装箱动作要求,对其主体机构进行了优化设计,优化后的机构不但能满足装箱轨迹的精度要求,还具有较好的传力性能。在控制系统中介绍了由单片机控制的双路快速伺服系统的原理和结构。阐述了快速定位的原理和控制规律,提出一种利用转速与偏差的比值进行开关控制和线性控制切换的双模控制方式。     

Animal behaviour: geomagnetic map used in sea-turtle navigation

Migratory animals capable of navigating to a specific destination, and of compensating for an artificial displacement into unfamiliar territory, are thought to have a compass for maintaining their direction of travel and a map sense that enables them to know their location relative to their destination. Compasses are based on environmental cues such as the stars, the Sun, skylight polarization and magnetism, but little is known about the sensory mechanism responsible for the map sense. Here we show that the green sea-turtle (Chelonia mydas) has a map that is at least partly based on geomagnetic cues.     

Loss of integrin alpha(v)beta6-mediated TGF-beta activation causes Mmp12-dependent emphysema

Integrins are heterodimeric cell-surface proteins that regulate cell growth, migration and survival. We have shown previously that the epithelial-restricted integrin alpha(v)beta6 has another critical function; that is, it binds and activates latent transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Through a global analysis of pulmonary gene expression in the lungs of mice lacking this integrin (Itgb6 null mice) we have identified a marked induction of macrophage metalloelastase (Mmp12)--a metalloproteinase that preferentially degrades elastin and has been implicated in the chronic lung disease emphysema. Here we report that Itgb6-null mice develop age-related emphysema that is completely abrogated either by transgenic expression of versions of the beta6 integrin subunit that support TGF-beta activation, or by the loss of Mmp12. Furthermore, we show that the effects of Itgb6 deletion are overcome by simultaneous transgenic expression of active TGF-beta1. We have uncovered a pathway in which the loss of integrin-mediated activation of latent TGF-beta causes age-dependent pulmonary emphysema through alterations of macrophage Mmp12 expression. Furthermore, we show that a functional alteration in the TGF-beta activation pathway affects susceptibility to this disease.     

Northern Bobwhite habitat selection in relation to brush management in the Rolling Plains of Texas

Many rangelands in the southwestern United States provide quality habitat for Northern Bobwhites ( Colinus virginianus ). These same habitats are frequently managed for livestock production and thus are subjected to various brush management practices that are meant to enhance forage production. Bobwhites rely on woody cover for food, thermal and loafing cover, and protection from avian predators. Implementing brush management practices that reflect bobwhite requirements is important for managing usable space and viable populations. We described the structural vegetative characteristics associated with bobwhite locations and random locations on native rangelands in the upper Rolling Plains of Texas that are dominated by honey mesquite ( Prosopis glandulosa ) and managed with aerial herbicide and prescribed fire. We also used binary logistic regression to model habitat selection; the initial model was built using 67% of the data ( n = 179 used-random paired points) and then validated using the remaining 33% of the data ( n = 88 used-random paired points). Locations used by bobwhites had significantly larger mean values of percent brush canopy cover, visual obstruction, and angle of obstruction than did random locations; random locations had a greater mean value of percent bare ground than locations used by bobwhites. The resulting logistic regression model contained only the angle of obstruction; the model had an 80% probability of correctly classifying used and random locations based on the area under the receiver operating curve (ROC). The model maintained a high classification probability when applied to the smaller validation data set, with an area under the ROC of 0.78.