Catastrophic wildfire and number of populations as factors influencing risk of extinction for Gila trout ( Oncorhynchus gilae )

We used the computer program RAMAS to explore the sensitivity of an extinction-risk model for the Gila trout ( Oncorhynchus gilae ) to management of wildfires and number of populations of the species. The Gila trout is an endangered salmonid presently restricted to very few headwaters of the Gila and San Francisco river tributaries in southwestern New Mexico. Life history data for 10 extant populations were used to examine sensitivity of the species viability to changes in a variety of factors including population size, fecundity, life stage structure, number of populations, severity and probability of forest fires, and a regulated fishery. The probability and severity of forest fires and number of populations had the greatest effect on viability. Results indicate that successful conservation of Gila trout requires establishment of additional populations and reduction of the severity of forest fires through a program incorporating more frequent, but less severe, fires.     

迷向周期和方法在β-簪结构折褶模拟中的应用

采用新近提出的迷向周期和方法（IPS），结合自导Lang evin动态模拟，模拟研究9-余肽折褶成β-箨结构的情况，表明了该结构与NMR观察到的基本一致，而Ewald模拟由于是强烈的镜像相互作用会产生构型偏差，获得致密构型的几率增大，表明IPS方法更适合于周期边界条件的模拟。     

High potassium intake increases the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of vasopressin in the rat

Summary The effect of alterations of dietary potassium intake on the plasma concentration and the urinary excretion of vasopressin was studied in male rats. Ingestion of a high potassium diet resulted in increases in the plasma concentrations of potassium and vasopressin, systolic blood pressure, urine flow, and urinary vasopressin excretion. Ingestion of a low potassium diet had little effect on the plasma vasopressin concentration and systolic blood pressure but caused decreases in the plasma potassium concentration and urinary vasopressin excretion. The results indicate that physiological changes in the plasma potassium concentration or some other consequence of altered dietary potassium intake can affect vasopressin release and excretion.     

Significance of cyclic AMP in the regulation of exocrine pancreas secretion

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass die Zufuhr von dibutyryl-zyklischem AMP (DcAMP) in vitro die Enzymproduktion erhöht und zwar mit nur geringer Gewichtsveränderung des Kaninchenpankreas. Die Enzymproduktion wird ebenso durch Theophyllin vermehrt und es wird vermutet, das DcAMP der Vermittler der pankreozymen Wirkung im Kaninchen ist.     

The climatic changes of the past thousand years

Résumé Exposé des données historiques et naturelles attestant des fluctuations de climat dans l'hémisphère nord au cours du dernier millénaire. Dans la zone tempérée, il y eut depuis les environs de l'an 1000 cinq époques climatiques: 1° 1000–1250, climat doux et sec. 2° 1250–1400, pluvieux et orageux. 3° 1400–1600 plus froid, moins orageux. 4° 1600–1850, avance des glaciers. 5° réchauffement progressif. Les causes de ces changements sont discutées à la fin de l'article.