Preliminary investigations on the influence of reserpine therapy on adrenocortical function in schizophrenia

Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Harnausscheidung von Nebennierenrinden-Steroiden bei 8 schizophrenen Patienten vor und während der Behandlung mit allmählich ansteigenden Dosen von Reserpin. Eine statistisch nachweisbare Verringerung der Nebennieren-rindenfunktion wurde während der Behandlung mit Reserpin beobachtet. Eine kritische Betrachtung dieser Ergebnisse wird vorgenommen.

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The authors wish to thank ProfessorsJ. Elkes andS. Zuckerman for their keen interest and support in this study.A. B. Kar is on deputation from the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, under the Colombo Plan. The technical assistance of MissAnne Overton and MissSheila Green is acknowledged.     

The effect of insulin on production of granulation tissue in rats

Zusammenfassung Mit dem Fremdkörpergranulomtest wurde festgestellt, dass lokal appliziertes Insulin die Bildung des Granulationsgewebes bei der Ratte fördert. Inaktiviertes Insulin bleibt ohne Effekt. Die Insulinwirkung findet auch in Anwesenheit des Wachstumshormons statt.

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Presented at the 25^th meeting of the Hungarian Physiological Society, Szeged, July 1959.     

Effect of hypoxia on human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and its potential clinical applications

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) are an ideal cell source for regenerative medicine due to their capabilities of multipotency and the readily accessibility of adipose tissue. They have been found residing in a relatively low oxygen tension microenvironment in the body, but the physiological condition has been overlooked in most studies. In light of the escalating need for culturing hASCs under their physiological condition, this review summarizes the most recent advances in the hypoxia effect on hASCs. We first highlight the advantages of using hASCs in regenerative medicine and discuss the influence of hypoxia on the phenotype and functionality of hASCs in terms of viability, stemness, proliferation, differentiation, soluble factor secretion, and biosafety. We provide a glimpse of the possible cellular mechanism that involved under hypoxia and discuss the potential clinical applications. We then highlight the existing challenges and discuss the future perspective on the use of hypoxic-treated hASCs.     

Regulation of neural circuit formation by protocadherins

The protocadherins (Pcdhs), which make up the most diverse group within the cadherin superfamily, were first discovered in the early 1990s. Data implicating the Pcdhs, including ~60 proteins encoded by the tandem Pcdha, Pcdhb, and Pcdhg gene clusters and another ~10 non-clustered Pcdhs, in the regulation of neural development have continually accumulated, with a significant expansion of the field over the past decade. Here, we review the many roles played by clustered and non-clustered Pcdhs in multiple steps important for the formation and function of neural circuits, including dendrite arborization, axon outgrowth and targeting, synaptogenesis, and synapse elimination. We further discuss studies implicating mutation or epigenetic dysregulation of Pcdh genes in a variety of human neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. With recent structural modeling of Pcdh proteins, the prospects for uncovering molecular mechanisms of Pcdh extracellular and intracellular interactions, and their role in normal and disrupted neural circuit formation, are bright.