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1.
In this article, I will view realist and non-realist accounts of scientific models within the larger context of the cultural significance of scientific knowledge. I begin by looking at the historical context and origins of the problem of scientific realism, and claim that it is originally of cultural and not only philosophical, significance. The cultural significance of debates on the epistemological status of scientific models is then related to the question of ‘intelligibility’ and how science, through models, can give us knowledge of the world by presenting us with an ‘intelligible account/picture of the world’, thus fulfilling its cultural-epistemic role. Realists typically assert that science can perform this role, while non-realists deny this. The various strategies adopted by realists and non-realists in making good their respective claims, is then traced to their cultural motivations. Finally I discuss the cultural implications of adopting realist or non-realist views of models through a discussion of the views of Rorty, Gellner, Van Fraassen and Clifford Hooker on the cultural significance of scientific knowledge. 相似文献
2.
Effect of SrCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> addition on the dynamic compressive strength of ZTA 下载免费PDF全文
Ceramic parts usually experience dynamic load in armor applications. Therefore, studying the dynamic behaviors of ceramics is important. Limited data are available on the dynamic behaviors of ceramics; thus, it is helpful to predict the dynamic strength of ceramics on the basis of their mechanical properties. In this paper, the addition of SrCO3 into zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) was demonstrated to improve the fracture toughness of ZTA due to the formation of the SrAl12O19 (SA6) phase. The porosity of ZTA was found to be increased by the addition of SrCO3. These newly formed pores served as the nucleation sites of cracks under dynamic load; these cracks eventually coalesced to form damaged zones in the samples. Although the K IC values of the samples were improved, the dynamic strength was not enhanced because of the increase in porosity; in fact, the dynamic strength of ZTA ceramics decreased with the addition of SrCO3. 相似文献
3.
Nurul A. Yunus Mohd H. Ani Hamzah M. Salleh Rusila Z. A. Rashid Tomohiro Akiyama Hadi Purwanto Nur E. F. Othman 《矿物冶金与材料学报》2014,21(4):326-330
Beneficiation of Malaysian iron ore is becoming necessary as iron resources are depleting. However, the upgrading process is challenging because of the weak magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore. In this study, bio-char derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was utilized as an energy source for reduction roasting. Mixtures of Malaysian iron ore and the bio-char were pressed into briquettes and subjected to reduction roasting processes at 873–1173 K. The extent of reduction was estimated on the basis of mass loss, and the magnetization of samples was measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). When reduced at 873 K, the original goethite-rich ore was converted into hematite. An increase in temperature to 1073 K caused a significant conversion of hematite into magnetite and enhanced the magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization of samples. The magnetic properties diminished at 1173 K as the iron ore was partially reduced to wustite. This reduction roasting by using the bio-char can assist in upgrading the iron ore by improving its magnetic properties. 相似文献
4.
Heterogeneous community entails a number of social groups that adopt similar/different social norms. In such community, new individuals who join a new social group should be able to decide with which group they could assimilate based on their capabilities/values/manners. Otherwise, they would be penalized by other members in the group for violating some norms which they cannot comply.Using this approach, software agents would have better reasoning in simulating human society. In this paper, the authors propose a norms assimilation theory, in which a new agent attempts to assimilate with a social group's norms. This theory builds an approach to norm assimilation, analyzes the cases for an agent to decide to assimilate with a social group and develops a mathematical model to measure the assimilation cost and the agent's ability. The approach is developed based on the agent's internal belief about its ability and desire, and its external belief about the cost of assimilating with a number of social groups. The significance of this research is two-fold. Firstly, the study paves the way to future design of intelligent systems, i.e., software agents or robots, to closely mimic human social interactions.Secondly, the norm assimilation using agent-based system could be potentially utilized to simulate some social issues such as immigrants, new students, expatriate etc. The experiments that have been conducted demonstrate that an agent in the domain is able to calculate the assimilation cost and decide which social group to join. 相似文献
5.
满足换位子条件环的交换性(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohd Ashraf 《吉林大学学报(理学版)》1991,(1)
本文证明:有1环R是交换的充要条件是有正整数m,q,使对每个y∈R有正整数n(y)对一切x∈R有或。 相似文献
6.
Khairul Akmaliah Adham Saida Farhanah Sarkam Mohd Fuaad Said Nadiah Mahmad Nasir Hasmiah Kasimin 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2017,30(5):535-551
Based on the viable system model (VSM), a system viability refers to the capability of a system to exist and maintain its sustainability within an environment. In this framework, monitoring function supports the gathering of relevant information directly from the operating units and feeding them into the formal control function. In turn, the control function uses the information to produce reports for the higher level functions of intelligence and policymaking, which later utilise these information for their decision making. Given its role, monitoring function supports the viability of a system, especially in large-scale policy-based system. However, studies on the functions of a system monitoring are generally lacking, leading to the lack of understanding on how to conduct monitoring in a viable system implementation. The objectives of this study are a) to discuss the role of monitoring in a viable system framework, and b) to conceptualize the function of monitoring within a policy-based system that is enabled by technologies. To achieve these objectives, this study reviews the literature on monitoring (in relation to VSM framework), on research process in general, as well as on technology adoption. This conceptual exploration generates an emergent viable system model that can guide future researchers in conducting an action research of monitoring function implementation. 相似文献
7.
Adham Khairul Akmaliah Muhamad Nur Sa’adah Said Mohd Fuaad Abdul Sarhadat Shahrizin Ismail Habib Asaril Mohd Nasir Mohd Fareez Assrul 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2019,32(2):219-238
Systemic Practice and Action Research - Business incubation is one of the means that promotes the overall business and economic growth of a particular location. However, to date, the role of... 相似文献
8.
Functions and Inter-Relationships of Operating Agencies in Policy Implementation from a Viable System Perspective 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Khairul Akmaliah Adham Hasmiah Kasimin Mohd Fuaad Said Barbara Igel 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2012,25(2):149-170
Existence of supporting entities and their cohesive operations are important elements in industry development policy undertaken
in emerging economies, which are characterized by heavy government interventions and involved many agencies and institutions.
One of the models that emphasizes on cohesiveness as a precondition for viability is the viable system model (VSM). In this
study, we adopt the VSM in combination with theories of innovation and innovation system as our conceptual framework to describe
and explain the functions and relational structure that exist among agencies/institutions and that of the agencies with their
environment elements within one policy level system implementation. We select a biotechnology industry development policy
for our analysis, the implementation of which has been designated as a strategic vehicle to support the economic development
goals of an emerging economy. The findings, which generate a model of the policy-level system implementation, explain the
operating agencies’ functions and their inter-relationships. The emergent model provides policy makers and implementers recommendations
for improvements, as well as offers future researchers potential for comparison between existing performance of a policy implementation
against its expected performance targets. The study concludes that the biotechnology industry development is an effort by
the Malaysian government to institutionalize biotechnology businesses and industry. The perspective of systems thinking, in
combination with theories of institutionalization, innovation and innovation system, provide important foundations in explaining
technology-based industry development. All these findings highlight that the knowledge gain in explaining and interpreting
the problem in focus is worthwhile, although the use of VSM as a research tool demands considerable efforts. 相似文献
9.
Ceramic parts usually experience dynamic load in armor applications. Therefore, studying the dynamic behaviors of ceramics is important. Limited data are available on the dynamic behaviors of ceramics;thus, it is helpful to predict the dynamic strength of ceramics on the basis of their mechanical properties. In this paper, the addition of SrCO3 into zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) was demonstrated to improve the fracture toughness of ZTA due to the formation of the SrAl12O19 (SA6) phase. The porosity of ZTA was found to be increased by the addition of SrCO3. These newly formed pores served as the nucleation sites of cracks under dynamic load;these cracks eventually coalesced to form damaged zones in the samples. Although the KIC values of the samples were improved, the dynamic strength was not en-hanced because of the increase in porosity;in fact, the dynamic strength of ZTA ceramics decreased with the addition of SrCO3. 相似文献
10.
Khairul Akmaliah Adham Hasmiah Kasimin Nurul Atasha Jamaludin Siti Khadijah Mohd Ghanie Nor Azzatunnisak Mohd Khatib Mohd Fuaad Said 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2016,29(3):215-234
Inclusive and sustainable economic growth supports the transformation of society towards a better quality of life and well-being. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose the binding factors to growth. However, existing frameworks of growth diagnostics and inclusive growth analytics, which are widely used to analyse growth problems, mainly focused on a snapshot of growth constraints of a selected location at a particular point of time. Applications of these frameworks are not fully capable of addressing the dynamic nature of growth. Moreover, most existing applications of growth frameworks are mainly predictive studies, thus they do not fully support the effort of identifying the root cause of growth problem. This calls for a more comprehensive approach to diagnosing growth problems. Building upon the existing growth diagnostics and inclusive growth analytics frameworks, as well as on cybernetics and systems-based approach, we develop a cybernetics approach to analysing inclusive growth constraints. This approach enables analysis of the dynamic nature of growth, which supports the identification of growth constraint variables and mapping of their relationships, based on data gathered about the location. 相似文献