电炉钢渣活性激发研究

对电炉钢渣（熔炼渣和精炼渣）在机械激发、热激发和化学激发作用下的活性特征进行研究．研究表明：标准养护条件下，电炉钢渣活性指数随比表面积增加而显著增加；热激发作用下，电炉钢渣活性指数有较大幅度提高；热激发作用下钢渣的活性指数也随着比表面积的增加而提高；常温养护和蒸压养护条件下，精炼渣都没有表现出比熔炼渣更高的活性；无论是标准养护还是蒸压养护，电炉钢渣在各种碱存在的情况下，大多表现为强度下降，仅Na2s0。或NaOH在蒸压养护条件下对熔炼渣有激发作用，提高了熔炼渣的活性．     

Allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, in vitro methods and regulatory aspects

Contact allergies are complex diseases, and one of the important challenges for public health and immunology. The German 'Federal Institute for Risk Assessment' hosted an 'International Workshop on Contact Dermatitis'. The scope of the workshop was to discuss new discoveries and developments in the field of contact dermatitis. This included the epidemiology and molecular biology of contact allergy, as well as the development of new in vitro methods. Furthermore, it considered regulatory aspects aiming to reduce exposure to contact sensitisers. An estimated 15-20% of the general population suffers from contact allergy. Workplace exposure, age, sex, use of consumer products and genetic predispositions were identified as the most important risk factors. Research highlights included: advances in understanding of immune responses to contact sensitisers, the importance of autoxidation or enzyme-mediated oxidation for the activation of chemicals, the mechanisms through which hapten-protein conjugates are formed and the development of novel in vitro strategies for the identification of skin-sensitising chemicals. Dendritic cell cultures and structure-activity relationships are being developed to identify potential contact allergens. However, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) presently remains the validated method of choice for hazard identification and characterisation. At the workshop the use of the LLNA for regulatory purposes and for quantitative risk assessment was also discussed.     

Ultrastructure of renal collecting tubules following ingestion of a bipyridinium herbicide (Morfamquat)

Zusammenfassung Ratten, denen eine Diät mit niedrigem Gehalt von Morfamquat gefüttert wurde, zeigten nach 6–24 Wochen eine erhöhte Anzahl von Lysosomen in den Epithelzellen der Nierensammelröhren. Im Lumen waren Zelltrümmer zu sehen, die auf eine Zellnekrose im proximalen Nephron schliessen liessen. Die Mitochondrien wiesen weder quantitative noch qualitative Veränderungen auf.

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Acknowledgment. The Morfamquat and recipe of the diet have been generously provided byD. M. Ferguson, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., Alderley Park, Nr. Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. The technical assistance of Ms. F. Cohen is gratefully acknowledged.     

Association of asymmetric unit membrane plaque formation in the urinary bladder of adult humans with therapeutic radiation

Asymmetric unit membrane (AUM) is a component of the luminal membrane of urinary bladder in many species. In normal human adults it is inconspicuous, but it becomes prominent following incidental exposure to therapeutic irradiation.     

Association of asymmetric unit membrane plaque formation in the urinary bladder of adult humans with therapeutic radiation

Summary Asymmetric unit membrane (AUM) is a component of the luminal membrane of urinary bladder in many species. In normal human adults it is inconspicuous, but it becomes prominent following incidental exposure to therapeutic irradiation.This work was supported by the Otho S.A. Sprague Memorial Institute.