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The maintenance of mucosal barrier equilibrium in the intestine requires a delicate and dynamic balance between enterocyte
loss by apoptosis and the generation of new cells by proliferation from stem cell precursors at the base of the intestinal
crypts. When the balance shifts towards either excessive or insufficient apoptosis, a broad range of gastrointestinal diseases
can manifest. Recent work from a variety of laboratories has provided evidence in support of a role for receptors of the innate
immune system, including Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 as well as the intracellular pathogen recognition receptor NOD2/CARD15,
in the initiation of enterocyte apoptosis. The subsequent induction of enterocyte apoptosis in response to the activation
of these innate immune receptors plays a key role in the development of various intestinal diseases, including necrotizing
enterocolitis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and intestinal cancer. This review will detail the regulatory pathways
that govern enterocyte apoptosis, and will explore the role of the innate immune system in the induction of enterocyte apoptosis
in gastrointestinal disease. 相似文献
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