不同车头间距下交通流的速度分布

在传统的交通流理论中,通常用确定性函数来描述交通流的速度-密度关系.但实际上,交通流存在着相当大的随机性和波动性:在一定局部密度的情况下,往往存在多种短时局部速度.为了能更加真实地描述速度和间距之间的关系,对NGSIM数据进行了研究和统计,对不同车头间距情况下的交通流速度分布建模.结果表明:当交通流密度较小时,速度分布...     

Robust PCA-Based Abnormal Traffic Flow Pattern Isolation and Loop Detector Fault Detection

One key function of intelligent transportation systems is to automatically detect abnormal traffic phenomena and to help further investigations of the cause of the abnormality. This paper describes a robust principal components analysis （RPCA）-based abnormal traffic flow pattern isolation and loop detector fault detection method. The results show that RPCA is a useful tool to distinguish regular traffic flow from abnormal traffic flow patterns caused by accidents and loop detector faults. This approach gives an effective traffic flow data pre-processing method to reduce the human effort in finding potential loop detector faults. The method can also be used to further investigate the causes of the abnormality.     

车载自组织网络中的非最远转发机制

车载自组织网络(VANETs)利用无线通信技术,实现了车辆之间的交通信息共享。已有的车间通信路由协议通常采用最远传输(MFR)机制选择转发节点,但是无线信道的过渡区会造成数据的频繁丢失和反复重发。该文通过分析无线信道收包率模型,提出了非最远转发机制(non-MFR),并定义了通信性能指标,对转发节点的选择策略进行了优化;通过选择非最远邻居作为转发节点,降低总体带宽消耗。仿真结果验证了该转发机制的有效性。     

Topology Optimization for Urban Traffic Sensor Network

This paper presents an optimized topology for urban traffic sensor networks. Small world theory is used to improve the performance of the wireless communication system with a heterogeneous transmission model and an optimal transmission radius. Furthermore, a series of simulations based on the actual road network around the 2nd Ring Road in Beijing demonstrate the practicability of constructing artificial ＂small worlds＂. Moreover, the particle swarm optimization method is used to calculate the globally best distribution of the nodes with the large radius. The methods proposed in this paper will be helpful to the sensor nodes deployment of the new urban traffic sensor networks.     

一种基于路网分配系数矩阵的网络交通状态建模方法

由于目前单路段的交通信息不足以反映网络层次上的交通状态,该文提出了一种网络交通状态的建模方法。首先根据网络中各路段间拓扑结构关系提出了路段邻接矩阵;进而从实际交通流量数据出发,应用递推最小二乘法估计出交叉口各方向上实时的转弯率,由此得到邻接路段分配系数矩阵。通过对该矩阵的简单计算以及变换,得到了整个路网的分配系数矩阵。根据该矩阵绘制的网络交通状态图为研究网络交通状态演化提供了可视化方法。该矩阵不仅反映了网络层次上的交通流分配情况,也反映了实时的网络交通状态。     

Multi-Dimensional Traffic Flow Time Series Analysis with Self-Organizing Maps

The two important features of self-organizing maps （SOM）, topological preservation and easy visualization, give it great potential for analyzing multi-dimensional time series, specifically traffic flow time series in an urban traffic network. This paper investigates the application of SOM in the representation and prediction of multi-dimensional traffic time series. Ffrst, SOMs are applied to cluster the time series and to project each multi-dimensional vector onto a two-dimensional SOM plane while preserving the topological relationships of the original data. Then, the easy visualization of the SOMs is utilized and several exploratory methods are used to investigate the physical meaning of the clusters as well as how the traffic flow vectors evolve with time. Finally, the k-nearest neighbor （kNN） algorithm is applied to the clustering result to perform short-term predictions of the traffic flow vectors. Analysis of real world traffic data shows the effec- tiveness of these methods for traffic flow predictions, for they can capture the nonlinear information of traffic flows data and predict traffic flows on multiple links simultaneously.     

基于多智能体的城市交通诱导系统可视化模拟

在城市交通诱导系统没有真正实施前，借助微观模拟对其应用效果进行评价是一种行之有效的方法。本文基于多智能体系建立了全新的城市交通诱导系统体系结构，并借助微观可视化交换通模拟软件PARAMICS对其进行了仿真研究。详细描述基于多智能体的城市交通诱导系统的工作原理，诱导策略和参数确定方法，并克服PARAMICS固有动态路径选择算法难于直接应用于基于多智能体的城市交通诱导系统的不足，设计新型动态路径选择算法。仿真结果显示，本文提出的交通诱导系统应用后能够大量节约出行时间，缓解交通拥挤，增加城市路网利用效率。     

一种基于分片磁场和动态博弈的行人仿真模型

提出了一种基于分片磁场和动态博弈的行人仿真模型．与已有的模型相比,该模型将物理模拟和元胞自动机仿真的思想进行了结合．在计算过程中该方法将复杂微分方程的求解转化为计算几何解法,降低了时间复杂度,因此更利于大规模人流仿真．同时,利用动态博弈解决了行人仿真中的同步决策问题,可以有效地解决来自不同方向的行人间冲突．在理论分析的基础上对狭窄出口的疏散现场、狭长通道的双向人流和交叉路口的垂直向人流等典型场景进行了仿真,复现了近期国内外学者观测到的复杂自组织现象,充分验证了模型的实用性．