Life Cycle Assessment of Motor Bike and Electric Bike in Urban Areas of China

Motor bikes （m-bike） and electric bikes （e-bike） are widely used in urban areas of China. Life cycle assessment of m-bike and e-bike are presented to compare their energy use and environmental emission in a life cycle span. An m-bike and an e-bike are disassembled to collect material composition data for the life cycle assessment. The results show that e-bike consumes less energy and has less global warming potential （GWP）, biochemical oxygen demand （BOD）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, suspended solids （SS）, dissolved solids （DS）, hydrocarbons （HC） than m-bike during life cycle. But e-bike generates more solid wastes, and more acidification potential （AP）, heavy metal （HM） than m-bike. Advanced batteries and clean coal fired power plant technologies are recommended to promote e-bike use in urban area.     

高压注水泵动力学仿真分析

简要地分析了中国石油机械设备的发展现状，提出了在我国石油机械装备企业运用现代设计方法的必要性。简要地介绍了动力学仿真及其相关技术。并选取典型的3H-8/450型高压注水泵作为研究对象，完成了泵仿真模型的建立；对泵进行运动学和动力学仿真分析，系统所需电机驱动力矩计算；并用理论解对仿真模型和仿真结果进行了验证；对仿真结果进行分析，提出了改进意见，并对改进设计进行仿真实验，仿真结果表明改进设计显著地改善了泵的受力状况。     

Allocation of Energy Use in the Biomass-based Fuel Ethanol System and Its Use in Decision Making

The Chinese government is developing biomass ethanol as one of its automobile fuels for energy security and environmental improvement reasons. The energy efficiency of the biomass-based fuel ethanol is critical issue. To investigate the energy use in the three biomass-base ethanol fuel systems, energy content approach, Market value approach and Product displacement approach methods were used to allocate the energy use based on life cycle energy assessment. The results shows that the net energy of corn based, wheat based, and cassava-based ethanol fuel are 12S43MJ, 10299MJ and 13112MJ when get one ton biomass-based ethanol, respectively, and they do produce positive net energy.