基于空地协同采样的植被覆盖度随机森林估算方法

基于无人机高光谱影像, 建立地形复杂地区植被覆盖度的非参数随机森林回归估算模型。为获得构建随机森林模型所需的足够数量的训练样本, 利用低空无人机搭载的光学相机, 在从地面难以到达的山地、水域和植被茂密区, 通过垂直拍摄获得厘米分辨率的航拍影像, 作为对地面样方采样的补充。首先计算地面数码相机照片和无人机可见光影像的红绿蓝植被指数(red-green-blue vegetation index, RGBVI), 然后使用大津分割法提取样方的植被覆盖信息, 得到构建模型所需的训练样本。在此基础上, 基于2018年8月16—18日在内蒙古自治区察右中旗油娄沟矿区获取的GaiaSky-mini2无人机高光谱影像数据, 利用递归特征消除算法优选参与随机森林回归的特征变量集, 利用空地协同获取的训练样本构建植被覆盖度的随机森林回归估算模型。该模型在测试集上的确定系数R2为0.923, 均方根误差为0.087, 优于常用的像元二分模型, 可用于矿区植被动态信息的精细化监测。     

Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材组织性能研究

通过室温拉伸测试和显微组织观察，研究了挤压温度和热处理工艺对Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材显微组织和力学性能的影响，讨论了热加工工艺、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：Ti-1300钛合金在两相区挤压后的横向组织均匀细小，纵向组织沿挤压加工流线破碎均匀；其拉伸强度高达1 445 MPa。管材在相变点以上的高温固溶组织主要由等轴β相晶粒组成，具有较好的塑性。合金两相区挤压后具有较好的强度和塑性的匹配，两相区挤压的塑性明显优于β单相区挤压，尤其面缩。试样经过固溶时效处理后显微组织明显细化，强度大幅度提高，可达1 300 MPa以上。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

某岩质陡崖边坡崩塌地质灾害成因及治理设计分析

以某岩质陡崖边坡崩塌地质灾害治理工程项目为依托,对崩塌地质灾害形成的主要诱发因素,如地形条件、地层岩性、降雨以及人类活动等进行了比较详细的介绍,为事故原因的定性提供相关依据。同时,针对现场实际情况及边坡稳定性分析结果提出一系列治理措施,为今后的具体工程实践提供相关理论依据及技术参考。     

微生物废水处理产甲烷的自动控制系统

结合现代的自动控制技术和互联网技术,设计了基于微生物废水处理产甲烷的自动控制系统.选用基于Cortex A9主控芯片的Exynos4412作为控制核心,使用云架构的tomcat服务器进行数据存储,配合现场工业级执行单元与标准专用传感器,实现了微生物培养进而处理工业废水以及提高甲烷生产含量的目标.实际运行结果表明:该系统成功将废水处理至排放标准并使得生产的甲烷含量由52%提升至77%,具有较高的实用价值和应用推广价值.     

纳米硒的功能设计及其在肿瘤精准治疗中的应用进展

 纳米硒作为一种新型单质硒，与有机硒和无机硒相比具有更高的生物利用度，更强的生物活性和更低的毒性，并且具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤的作用。概述了纳米硒在生物医药中的应用，包括纳米硒用于化疗、放疗、放化疗以及其他临床药物的增敏，纳米硒的功能化和靶向修饰增强抗肿瘤效果，含硒纳米材料在抗肿瘤中的应用，纳米硒的毒理学，介绍了纳米硒制剂产业化发展情况。     

深圳河河口近10年典型污染物通量变化研究

根据2008—2017年连续水文观测数据和逐月水质监测数据, 采用LOADEST模型模拟估算主要污染物COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的净通量, 得到深圳河河口近10年主要污染物通量的变化规律。结合降水和流域内污水处理厂运行情况, 分析影响污染物通量变化的自然因素和人为因素, 得到以下结论。1) 2008—2017年深圳河河口断面各污染物入湾净通量呈现明显的下降趋势, 总体水质情况有所好转, 但仍未达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中V类水目标要求。2) 2008—2017年各污染物净通量的季节性差异逐年变小。3) COD净通量与降雨量的相关性较强, 说明其污染来源多为非点源; 总氮、氨氮和总磷净通量与降水量的相关性相对较弱, 说明其污染来源多为点源。4) 污染物净通量与污水处理量明显负相关, 说明提高污水处理厂日处理能力和污水出水水质有助于河流水质的改善。     

纳米Al2O3介导的固定化小球藻燃料电池产电性能分析

采用纳米Al2O3 海藻酸钠联合固定化制备小球藻胶球，并应用于微生物燃料电池阴极，以提供电子受体，考察电池的产电性能。研究结果表明:加入纳米Al2O3能提高海藻酸钠固定化小球藻胶球的比表面积，使固定化小球藻阴极MFCs输出电压由0113 V提高到0173 V，且电池的输出电压随着胶球粒径的减小和加入量的增加而提高，光照可降低MFCs内阻，提高产电性能。     

基于改进多目标布谷鸟算法的污水处理优化控制方法

针对如何确定污水处理优化控制中关键变量的最优设定值,以满足出水水质达标的同时尽可能降低能耗的问题,提出一种基于改进多目标布谷鸟算法的污水处理多目标优化控制方法.首先,通过对污水处理过程的分析,建立基于神经网络的污水处理能耗和出水水质模型;其次,利用改进多目标布谷鸟算法同时对污水处理能耗和出水水质模型进行优化,得到溶解氧和硝态氮浓度的优化设定值;最后,利用PID控制器对关键变量的最优设定值进行跟踪控制,实现污水处理过程的多目标优化控制.仿真实验结果表明,与其他几种方法相比,所提出的方法在保证出水水质参数达标的前提下,更好地降低了污水处理过程的能耗,实现节能降耗和保护环境的目的.