半空间上水平层状场地自振频率计算方法比较

为避免结构物与场地地基的共振效应,基于传统波速法、一致质量矩阵剪切质点系法及剪切梁法的基本原理,分析和比较了各方法计算场地自振频率的计算精度和影响因素.结果表明:传统波速法不能反映土层剖面结构特征的影响,而且仅在土层剖面在深度方向较为对称的情况下才能获得工程可接受的精度;一致质量矩阵剪切质点系法则表现出计算稳定、精度高的特点,且作为一种离散方法,具有良好的计算适应性和灵活性.     

Gouy-Chapman双电层模型在蒙脱石长程膨胀中应用

对于蒙脱石晶层间的长程膨胀是否符合双电层理论众多研究者观点不一.采用Gouy-Chapman双电层模型,基于前人试验数据,从膨胀压力-晶层间距关系以及晶层间距-电解质浓度关系两个方面对模型进行验证.结果表明,在没有晶层间水合力影响的情况下Gouy-Chapman模型能够很好地拟合试验数据,说明长程膨胀符合双电层理论.另外,将Gouy-Chapman模型与其简化形式进行了对比,结果表明,当晶层间的双电层作用较弱时(Kd>1),两种模型曲线近乎重合,此时可以用简化模型代替精确模型.     

土著微生物柱浸修复铬渣堆场土壤污染

采用柱浸试验研究土著微生物对铬渣堆场污染土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的修复.通过单因素实验测定土壤初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、浸出液pH值及循环淋溶时间对修复效果的影响,结果表明:加入培养基能完全修复铬渣堆场污染土壤中水溶性Cr(Ⅵ),柱浸实验结束后,浸出液中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度由初始的700.3 mg/kg降低至检出限以下;土壤中初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度越低修复效果越好;培养基最佳pH值范围为7.5~8.5;循环淋溶修复效果好于非循环柱浸修复,循环时间越长,修复效果越好,最佳循环时间为全天循环.     

黄河三角洲滩涂耐重盐植物的筛选实验

采用盐水胁迫发芽、盐水浇灌盆栽和田间耐盐实验,研究植物的耐盐能力,筛选黄河三角洲滩涂重度盐渍土适生的耐盐植物.结果表明:高质量分数NaCl对耐盐植物种子的萌发有明显的抑制作用,发芽率与盐质量分数之间呈显著的负相关;盐胁迫下植物苗期相对生长量由大至小依次为盐地碱蓬>柽柳>中亚滨藜>二色补血草>三角叶滨藜>海边月见草>海滨锦葵>田菁>罗布麻.筛选出耐盐性极强的、能在盐的质量分数为20 g/kg以上的重盐土上生长的植物2种,即柽柳和盐地碱蓬,为黄河三角洲滩涂重盐土的生物改良提供了实验材料.     

碳酸盐岩发育土壤中的磁赤铁矿及其成因机理研究

设计了土壤氧化铁矿物提取方法和分析流程，成功地从碳酸盐岩发育土壤中提取到较纯的磁赤铁矿微结核，运用多种矿物学方法进行了较系统的矿物学研究，并探讨了其成因机理。     

桥台后路堤多级加载下黏弹性饱和成层软土地基一维固结分析

将桥台后路堤荷载简化为横截面梯形分布的半无限条形荷载,基于Boussinesq弹性力学解答推导得到桥台后软土地基内竖向附加应力计算公式,由此考虑初始孔隙水压力非均匀分布特性.结合桥台后路堤多级加载的Laplace变换递推公式,运用Laplace变换及其逆变换方法求解Terzaghi固结与Kelvin黏弹性应力应变联合微分方程,获得桥台后路堤多级加载条件下黏弹性饱和成层软土地基固结变形解答.算例分析结果表明:该解答具有合理性和可靠性,计算结果可为桥台后软土地基沉降分析提供参考.     

Volume change behavior of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions

With the development of modern geotechnical engineering practices such as the construction of high level radioactive waste repositories, exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources, energy-saving buildings and underground storage of CO 2 , research into the influence of temperature on the basic mechanical properties of unsaturated soils has become an important issue internationally. By using the work expression and considering the influence of temperature on the basic properties of unsaturated soils, the average soil skeleton stress, modified suction and temperature were selected as state variables of generalized forces in thermodynamics and the soil skeleton strain, saturation and entropy were chosen as state variables of generalized flows conjugate to the variables of generalized forces. Based on the nonlinear multi-field coupled model and by using existing experimental results, an elastic-plastic constitutive model of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions was developed to analyze the influence of temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils. The model was used to predict and analyze the influence of suction and temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils under isotropic conditions, and was successfully verified using experimental results.     

Constitutive modeling for unsaturated soils considering gas hardening effect

The influence of gases on unsaturated soils is discussed in the paper.First,the selection of stress state variables is discussed.It is shown that gas pressure as well as generalized effective stress and modified suction are required to construct a constitutive model of an unsaturated soil.The deformation mechanisms of solid,liquid and gas phases in soils are then investigated.It is realized that the deformation of gas phase interacts with the deformations of the other two phases in soils.Gas laws are used to describe the gas behavior.Similar to the other two phases in soil,the change of gas volume can be divided into an elastic part and a plastic part, and the latter part is then introduced to the soil hardening equation to reflect the impact of the gas on the soil.Then,a simple elasto-plastic model considering the gas effect for isotropic states is developed.Finally,the model predictions are given and compared with existing experimental data.A good agreement between them is found.Comparisons of the predictions between our model and Wheeler’s model are also performed.     

冻土地基桥涵基础热稳定性数值分析

针对内蒙古自治区根河至满归出口公路一在建桥涵基础,考虑相变、热生成及材料非线性,用有限元法模拟了现浇混凝土中的水化热以及开挖回填等动态施工过程对冻土地基温度场的影响,对基础下设的绝热保温层厚度以及预留边界进行了探讨,预测了未来50年的最大融深,总结了一些有价值的结论。     

非饱和分层土壤中污染物迁移转化规律研究

分析了污染物在分层土壤中随下渗水体向下迁移的机理过程,借助于数值计算模型模拟计算非饱和分层土壤中污染物迁移转化特性,研究了不同土壤层及土壤层的排序对污染物迁移转化的影响状况。