循环作用对马蹄寺石窟群岩体性能的影响

马蹄寺石窟群地处河西走廊中部,气候条件十分恶劣。由于常年受到温度、湿度、酸碱盐等作用的影响,石窟岩体性能出现了不同程度的劣化现象。通过开展室内模拟试验,研究以上多种恶劣环境的循环作用对于岩体抗压强度、波速、质量的影响规律,同时使用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、X射线荧光光谱(X-ray fluorescence,XRF)和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)对循环作用过程中样品的矿物组分、元素含量和微观形貌进行分析研究。研究结果表明,循环作用使样品中的长石类矿物和方解石含量降低,黏土类矿物含量增加,胶结程度下降,孔隙逐渐发展成为横向微裂隙,导致样品的性能出现不同程度的劣化现象。循环作用对岩体性能的影响程度从大到小依次为冻融循环、耐盐循环、耐碱循环、耐酸循环和温湿循环。     

A TEM study on the microstructure of spark plasma sintered ZrB_2-based composite with nano-sized SiC dopant

Sintering behavior of ZrB_2 ceramic with nano-sized SiC dopant was studied. ZrB_2-25 vol% nano-sized SiC was selected as the starting mixture to fabricate the composite. The manufacturing process was accomplished at 1800℃ for 5 min under 25 MPa via spark plasma sintering(SPS). The as-sintered sample reached a relative density of 99%. Besides the initial phases, namely ZrB_2 and SiC, the high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD) was used to study the formation of an in-situ ZrC phase. The possible chemical interactions during the ZrC phase formation were scrutinized. The microstructure of the composite was studied by the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Elemental analysis through FESEM evaluations revealed the formation of amorphous phases, rich in Zr, C, Si, B, and O elements, which was in harmony with the thermodynamical assessments. TEM studies endorsed the formation of such phases, containing a glassy bed of Si–B–O with ZrC and C islands dispersed therein.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr doped WCoB based cermets by spark plasma sintering and first principle calculation

WCoB based cermet is a potential hard alloy to replace WC-Co cermets with high hardness and corrosion resistance. WCoB based cermets with different Cr doping contents were fabricated by spark plasma sintering in liquid phase sintering stage. The densification behavior, phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr doped WCoB cermets were investigated by XRD, EDS and SEM. Due to the lower density of Cr,the density of WCoB cermets decreased with the increasing of Cr doping content. The phase composition consisted of Cr doped WCoB, unreacted W, Co–Cr binary binder phase. When the doping content exceeded11.736 wt%, the Cr enrichment zones appeared, which was harmful to the TRS. The increasing of Cr doping content contributed to the increase of unreacted W phases content and the formation of pores. The maximum value of Vickers hardness was 1751 Hv0.5 at 9.356 wt% Cr doping content. The variation trend was explained by first principle calculation, which is consistent with Hv-Zhou hardness model.     

镀镍碳纳米管对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

采用化学镀法对碳纳米管进行表面镀镍处理,再利用真空液相烧结法制备出以镀镍碳纳米管为增强体的Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷复合材料,借助SEM、EDS、硬度计等研究了添加镀镍碳纳米管对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量镀镍碳纳米管可细化Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织并控制其孔洞尺寸及数量,显著提高其硬度及断裂韧性。当镀镍碳纳米管添加量为0.5%时,所得试样的晶粒最为细小,晶粒尺寸大约为1.2μm,材料的力学性能最佳,其硬度和断裂韧性分别达到1228.4HV0.3及15.90MPa·m12,相应增韧机制为裂纹偏转、桥接增韧、撕裂棱增韧和微孔洞增韧。     

Microstructure investigation and multicolor upconversion in Yb~(3+)/Ln~(3+)(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho) ions doped α-Sialon

Yb~(3+)/Ln~(3+)(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho)-α-sialon ceramics were fabricated by hot press sintering technique.Their microstructure and luminescent properties were studied by XRD,EDS,HRTEM and photoluminescence measurements.The results showed that the sintered ceramics consisted ofα-Sialon with a trace amount ofβ-Sialon phase.The frequency upconversion and downconversion properties of Yb~(3+)/Ln~(3+)(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho)-α-Sialon ceramics were investigated under 980 nm low-power excitation.The different concentrations of Yb~(3+)/Ln~(3+)(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho)produced multicolor emissions characteristics of each Ln~(3+)ion as a result of the energy transfer from Yb~(3+)to Er~(3+),Tm~(3+)and Ho~(3+)ions.The EDS spectra measurements and mappings showed that the Ln~(3+)ions were well incorporated in theα-Sialon matrix.Temporal evolution of the emission decay behavior has been investigated to understand the energy transfer mechanism.     

散射作用下粒径对激光烧结的影响

采用二维双温度模型对激光烧结过程中的相变传热特性进行了模拟研究,重点讨论了颗粒粒径对烧结过程的影响,在此过程中考虑了散射效应的作用。通过将界面能量平衡方程、成核动力学的界面追踪法相耦合来确定固-液界面的位置。结果表明:当激光垂直照射金颗粒时,熔化现象主要发生在颗粒的两极且底部熔化开始时间早,熔化体积也比较小。颗粒粒径的变化主要影响表面光强分布与传热尺寸两个方面,在激光照射阶段由于散射效应,粒径增加会使颗粒底部光强变强,底部温度升高;在激光照射结束以后,粒径越大,单位光照表面下的传热体积也越大,这导致大粒径颗粒的温度、熔化程度较低,底部温度下降速度更快。     

FeCrAl多孔材料烧结体表面球状物和结壳形成原因研究

以FeCrAl粉末为原料,采用粉末冶金法制备FeCrAl多孔材料,试样烧结后表面出现球状物和结壳现象。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪等设备,对球状物和结壳进行表征,探讨其形成原因并提出预防措施。结果表明：烧结体表面产生球状物和结壳与材料增碳（C）有关。C来源于黏结剂和石墨发热体,在烧结过程中会促进样品表层烧结,形成壳层;C的进一步渗入会降低表层区域熔点,使表层熔化形成液相,冷却后形成球状物。采用硅钼发热体烧结炉可避免试样表面产生球状物和结壳。     

添加ZrO_2对镁钙砂抗水化性能的影响

以w(CaO)为55%的镁钙砂细粉为原料、ZrO_2为添加剂,在1550℃温度下烧结5h制备镁钙试样,研究了添加ZrO_2对镁钙试样物相组成、显微结构、烧结性能和抗水化性能的影响。结果表明,添加ZrO_2能促进镁钙材料的烧结,且随着ZrO_2加入量的增加,试样的体积密度逐渐增大,显气孔率减小,抗水化性能逐渐增强,这是由于ZrO_2的加入增大了Ca~(2+)的空位浓度,有利于Ca~(2+)的扩散,促进了镁钙试样的烧结致密化和试样中CaO晶粒的长大。此外,ZrO_2还可与游离态CaO反应生成不易水化的CaZrO_3,该反应发生在晶界等容易水化的部位,改变了镁钙试样的显微结构,又进一步提高了材料抗水化性能;当ZrO_2添加量超过5%后,试样的各项性能变化趋于平缓。综合考虑,该镁钙试样中ZrO_2的适宜添加量为5%。     

球磨时间对Mg2Si组织和性能的影响

采用机械合金化+热压烧结制备Mg2Si金属间化合物.研究球磨时间对烧结产物的物相、微观形貌、硬度及致密度的影响.结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,Mg、Si粉末的晶粒得到细化,机械合金化过程中没有形成Mg2Si,Mg2Si的形成需要一定的孕育期,热压烧结后产物的组织更加均匀,烧结过程中反应更加充分,硬度和致密度呈现先增大后减小的趋势.     

冻融作用下玻化微珠保温混凝土的劈裂抗拉性能试验

在保温混凝土优化配合比的基础上,选定水灰比、水泥用量、砂率和外加剂掺量四个影响因素,设计正交试验,采用快冻法对混凝土进行0、15、30、50次冻融循环,观察各组试件表面剥蚀情况,确定混凝土强度及其退化特征。试验结果表明,0.50为最佳水灰比,经过50次冻融循环作用后,强度下降为初始值的66.7%。建立了冻融后保温混凝土劈裂抗拉强度值与冻融循环次数之间线性函数关系,并通过极差分析确定了水灰比是影响混凝土冻融后强度的主要因素。