Notable diversity in hemoglobin expression patterns among species of the deep-sea clam, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calyptogena</Emphasis>

The deep-sea clams Calyptogena nautilei and C. tsubasa, which live in the cold-seep area at a depth of 3570 m in the Nankai Trough, Japan, have abundant hemoglobins (Hbs) in erythrocytes, similar to other Calyptogena species. We determined the cDNA-derived amino acid sequences of Hbs from two Calyptogena species. C. tsubasa was found to contain two dimeric Hbs, Hb I consisting of 145 amino acid residues and Hb II with 137 residues, similar to known Hbs from C. soyoae and C. kaikoi. Sequence identity was over 90% among the orthologous chains of Calyptogena Hbs. On the other hand, surprisingly, C. nautilei contained two monomeric Hbs, Hb III containing 141 residues and Hb IV with 134 residues. In addition, Hbs III and IV showed only 33–42% sequence identity with Hbs I and II from other Calyptogena species. The distal (E7) histidine, one of the functionally important residues of the heme protein, is replaced by glutamine in all Hb chains of Calyptogena species. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. nautilei Hb III is closer to Hb I from other Calyptogena species. We suppose that a Hb gene was duplicated at least three times in an immediate ancestor of Calyptogena and, presumably depending on physiological conditions different Hb sets are being expressed: dimeric Hbs I and II in C. soyoae, C. kaikoi and C. tsubasa, and monomeric Hbs III and IV in C. nautilei. Received 13 May 2003; received after revision 5 June 2003; accepted 12 June 2003     

锦屏隆里至黎平古帮地区青白口纪末南华纪早期沉积作用特征

锦屏隆里至黎平古帮地区,青白口纪末南华纪早期沉积作用特征可概括为碎屑流-浊流-悬浮沉积、震积岩和冰碛岩(包括水下泥石流)三个系列,文中讨论了隆里组中下部发育的细砾岩波痕,指出白土地砂体为南华纪初因成冰期来临海平面下降而形成的特殊性地区沉积建造,即长安成冰期开始时低水位氧化环境下的斜坡扇,该砂体常发育与金矿化有关的硅化、...     

陕西省水资源承载力动态研究

面临严重的水资源短缺问题,以及对可持续发展造成的制约,运用主成分分析法,从影响陕西省水资源承载力动态变化的15个指标中选出3个指标作为主成分,并用熵值法对其赋权,计算出1999～2004年陕西省水资源承载力的综合得分.结果表明,陕西省的人口和经济发展的持续增长,导致了水资源承载力呈现出恶化的趋势.图2,表4,参10.     

High-quality hydrocarbon source rock in the Paleogene sequence of the Ping Chau Formation, Hong Kong

Although petroleum exploration is being conducted in the Hong Kong region, high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks have never been found in this area. The Ping Chau Formation is only Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary rock exposed in Hong Kong and its surrounding areas. The hydrocarbon source rock of the Ping Chau Formation is very rich in organic matters, which has an average total organic carbon (TOC) of 1.9% and chloroform bitumen ““A““ range from 0.14% to 0.24%. The total hydrocarbon content varies from 880 to 1800 ppm and the transformation ratio is specific from 5 to 9. The index of pyrolytic hydrogen is up to about 600 mgHC/gTOC. These data demonstrate the characteristics of the high-quality hydrocarbon source rock. The lamalginite is the major maceral of the source rock of the Ping Chau Formation, and geochemical characteristics also suggest that the organic materials of the source rock are of type I and type Ⅱ1, with abundant gammacerane, γ, β-caro-tane and C24 tetracyclic terpane, which indicate that it was formed in the salt water and brackish water sedimentary environment, and the source rock has evolved into a mature phase. The organic inclusions are found within calcite veins in cracks of the source rock, indicating that hydrocarbon has been generated and a secondary migration has happened. The source rock in the Ping Chau Formation is about 200-300 m thick, thus having considerable hydrocarbon potential. The discovery of the high quality hydrocarbon source rock in the Ping Chau Formation will certainly provide insight on hydrocarbon resource exploration in the South China Sea area.     

储层沉积微相的随机模拟及其对比研究

为了对储层沉积微相不同随机模拟方法的适应性及其优劣进行量化分析,以低渗透储层为例,采用普遍使用的截断高斯模拟和序贯指示模拟技术,进行了沉积微相定量描述的对比研究。结果表明: (1)不同模拟方法建立的微相分布模型的可靠程度不同; (2)截断高斯模拟不能真实再现相序关系复杂的微相分布,结果出现局部失真现象; (3)序贯指示模拟适用于非均质性复杂的低渗储层微相展布的描述,结果具有可信性和预测性。     

大熊猫地史分布变迁初步研究

作者从化石记录和分子生物学研究等方面介绍了大熊猫的系统演化历程及不同时期的地理分布情况.从出土的化石材料可以看出,大熊猫在地质历史上曾广泛分布于我国长江、黄河及珠江三大流域,包括了从北京周口店至两广以致东南亚一带的广大地区.更新世中、晚期是大熊猫家族演化进程中最繁盛的时期,至晚更新世末期开始转向衰落.在地史分布变迁上,自始熊猫出现以来其分布范围经历了向东、南及北方扩张的过程,而自更新世末期以来则从北、东、南三方向西退缩,现仅残存于四川盆地向青藏高原过渡的高山峡谷地带.大熊猫家族地史分布范围的变化可能既受物种自身生物学特性的影响,同时也与环境的变化息息相关.然而,不同地质历史时期影响大熊猫家族地史分布变迁的主要因素可能并不相同.气候变化和青藏高原的隆起可能是影响更新世大熊猫种群分布的主要环境因素,而自全新世以来,人类活动极大地塑造了大熊猫的空间分布格局.     

The microstructure evolution and phase transformation behavior of a β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloy during creep

The microstructural evolution and creep behavior of the Ti-43.5Al–4Nb–1Mo-0.1B alloy have been investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The excellent creep property was obtained with a fully lamellar(FL) microstructure containing the least grain boundary β_o phase(GB-β_o).TEM results revealed that after creep testing the α₂→βophase transformation was observed in the FL microstructure. The formation βophase is asso...