原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层热力学与耐磨性研究

熔覆层性能难以满足特定的工艺要求，已成为限制激光熔覆发展的关键因素之一.鉴于此，在45号钢基体上制备出原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层，并进行了热力学分析.通过XRD，SEM和EDS对其微观形貌及组成成分进行了分析，对其显微硬度及耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明:激光功率的改变对激光熔覆过程中原位反应的反应程度有显著影响，过大或者过小的激光功率均会对原位反应的发生起到抑制作用;YCF102熔覆层中原位生成的NbC颗粒的主要形态为四边形和花瓣形;当激光功率为525W时，原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度及良好的耐磨性.     

Superior corrosion resistance-dependent laser energy density in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings were successfully fabricated on a substrate of Q235 steel by laser cladding technology.These(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings possess excellent properties,particularly corrosion resistance,which is clearly superior to that of some typical bulk HEA and common engineering alloys.In order to obtain appropriate laser cladding preparation process parameters,the effects of laser energy density on the microstructure,microhardness,and corrosion resistance of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating were closely studied.Results showed that as the laser energy density increases,precipitation of the Laves phase in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating gradually decreases,and diffusion of the Fe element in the substrate intensifies,affecting the integrity of the(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA.This decreases the microhardness of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings.Moreover,the relative content of Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3,and Nb2O5 in the surface passive film of the coating decreases with increasing energy density,causing corrosion resistance to decrease.This study demonstrates the controllability of a high-performance HEA coating using laser cladding technology,which has significance for the laser cladding preparation of other CoCrFeNi-system HEA coatings.     

基于胎/路啮合作用的纹理化路面行车稳定性分析

为了给隧道水泥混凝土路面纹理设计提供指导,对路面进行纹理化参数设计试验,并以此来保证行车的稳定性,减少隧道行车的横向摆振效应。由于目前水泥混凝土路面纹理参数设计理论缺乏相应的依据,在分析轮胎与粗糙路面接触作用的基础上,基于压力胶片测试技术考虑胎/路啮合特性对车辆轮胎的转向阻力矩计算方法进行了优化。通过依托项目的隧道纹理化路面和室内试验,对四种不同路面的轮胎接触特性进行分析,提出一种基于实际测量的胎/路接触应力分布的原地转向阻力矩评价方法。结果表明:根据实测的轮胎接触应力计算得出汽车轮胎转向阻力矩,可有效地表征轮胎的转向阻力矩状态;纹理化水泥混凝土路面汽车转向阻力矩比沥青路面上高10%～20%,加之纹理化构造与轮胎纵向沟槽的啮合作用产生较大的侧向力矩,导致纹理化路面的行车稳定性较差;通过设置一定的刀组间距进而干涉轮胎与道路的接触界面,最终达到降低轮胎转向阻力矩的目的。     

轻质含硅芳炔隔热材料的制备与性能

采用中空玻璃微球(hollow glass microspheres,HGM)、短切石英纤维(short-cut quartz fibers,SQF)和耐热含硅芳炔树脂(Si-containing arylacetylene resin,PSA)制备了HGM/PSA复合物以及SQF/HGM/PSA复合材料,并研究了两者力学性能以及热学性能。研究结果表明:HGM能很好地降低HGM/PSA复合物的密度和导热系数,当HGM质量分数超过30%时,HGM/PSA复合物的导热系数和力学性能迅速下降;随着SQF质量分数的增加,SQF/HGM/PSA复合材料的压缩强度和拉伸强度提升,但密度和导热系数也增加;添加经KH 560表面处理的HGM可提升HGM/PSA复合物以及SQF/HGM/PSA复合材料的力学性能,且对两者的密度和导热系数影响不大;当SQF的质量分数为16%且HGM经KH 560表明处理后,SQF/HGM/PSA复合材料的压缩强度达到96.3 MPa,拉伸强度达到12.3 MPa,同时密度为0.82 g/cm^3,导热系数为0.195 W/(m·K),且在50~490℃通过动态热机械分析仪观察到复合材料没有明显的玻璃化转变。     

奥氏体不锈钢离子渗N组织及性能

采用辉光离子渗N技术对奥氏体不锈钢球阀进行表面氮化处理,改变其表面结构,提高表面耐磨性.选取三组离子渗N的温度,分别为400、440、480 ℃,渗N时间设置为12 h.采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪对渗N改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:离子渗N技术可以大幅提高奥氏体不锈钢的硬度和耐磨性.渗N温度为400 ℃时,渗N改性层最薄,耐磨性最差,480 ℃时渗N改性层最厚、耐磨性最好.     

GFRP筋混凝土梁抗爆性能试验研究与数值分析

玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)筋具有耐腐蚀、抗拉承载力高等优点.它们可作为混凝土防护结构的纵筋而代替钢筋.为了明确GFRP筋混凝土梁(GRCBs)的抗爆性能,对GFRP筋混凝土梁和钢筋混凝土梁(SRCBs)进行了爆炸试验、四点弯曲静力试验及数值模拟分析.结果表明:四点弯曲静力试验中,工况是3kg-0.65m的爆炸荷载作用后相同等效刚度设计的GRCBs承载力是SRCBs的5.5倍.在近距离爆炸作用下(比例爆距小于0.5159mkg^-3),由于GFRP筋处于弹性阶段,破坏形式主要是混凝土出现裂纹、剥落和震塌.通过数值模拟分析,增加纤维增强聚合物(FRP)筋刚度可以降低GRCBs跨中位移,跨中最大位移降低率与EA比的比值为0.1,减少GRCBs的裂纹与损伤,增强GRCBs的抗爆性能.当比例爆距小于0.4095mkg^-3,GFRP筋混凝土梁用C50及以上混凝土能有效减少混凝土震塌与剥落.研究表明,GRCBs比SRCBs具有更高的抗爆性能.     

高温下/后钢筋混凝土梁抗冲击性能:细观分析

冲击(或爆炸)和火灾往往伴随发生并威胁工程结构的使用安全,高温和高应变率对钢筋混凝土(RC)结构的耦合作用引起了研究者的广泛关注.本文结合混凝土细观非均质性,考虑钢筋和混凝土材料的应变率增强效应及高温退化效应,同时考虑钢筋与混凝土间的黏结-滑移行为,建立了RC梁抗火抗冲击性能研究的细观数值模型.与室温下落锤冲击试验结果对比,验证了细观数值模型的合理性,进而比较分析了高温下及高温后RC梁在冲击作用下的力学响应,揭示了RC梁的破坏模式与失效机制.结果表明:建立的细观数值模型能够有效描述RC梁在高温和冲击荷载联合作用下的破坏模式;相同受火时间,高温下RC梁表现出比高温后RC梁更为严重的破坏,且随受火时间的增加,差异逐渐扩大.     

基于边界移动法的高炉炉缸侵蚀监测模型

基于预埋在高炉炉缸内热电偶反馈的温度数据,联合数值传热计算和最优化理论的梯度下降法寻找最优化的边界移动步长因子,建立了高炉炉缸侵蚀监测模型.应用建立的模型可有效求解未知边界的传热反问题.将热电偶反馈的监测数据作为输入数据,应用建立的炉缸侵蚀监测模型对其进行未知边界问题反演求解,计算得到了炉缸内衬侵蚀形貌和残厚.把已知炉缸侵蚀形貌和相应的热电偶测温数据的高炉炉缸作为校验模型样本,模型预测与样本的侵蚀形貌对比表明其相对误差平均值为3.6%,确认了炉缸侵蚀监测模型的可靠性.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.