带有加性噪声的阻尼吊桥方程随机吸引子的存在性

用算子分解技巧, 通过对方程的解进行先验估计, 给出随机动力系统的一致渐近紧性, 从而证明了随机吊桥方程在加性噪声下随机吸引子的存在性.     

基于空地协同采样的植被覆盖度随机森林估算方法

基于无人机高光谱影像, 建立地形复杂地区植被覆盖度的非参数随机森林回归估算模型。为获得构建随机森林模型所需的足够数量的训练样本, 利用低空无人机搭载的光学相机, 在从地面难以到达的山地、水域和植被茂密区, 通过垂直拍摄获得厘米分辨率的航拍影像, 作为对地面样方采样的补充。首先计算地面数码相机照片和无人机可见光影像的红绿蓝植被指数(red-green-blue vegetation index, RGBVI), 然后使用大津分割法提取样方的植被覆盖信息, 得到构建模型所需的训练样本。在此基础上, 基于2018年8月16—18日在内蒙古自治区察右中旗油娄沟矿区获取的GaiaSky-mini2无人机高光谱影像数据, 利用递归特征消除算法优选参与随机森林回归的特征变量集, 利用空地协同获取的训练样本构建植被覆盖度的随机森林回归估算模型。该模型在测试集上的确定系数R2为0.923, 均方根误差为0.087, 优于常用的像元二分模型, 可用于矿区植被动态信息的精细化监测。     

加速寿命数据的贝叶斯建模与分析

在加速寿命试验的可靠性设计中, 随机化设计的限制以及删失数据不可避免地导致低分位数估计出现较大的偏差。针对上述的问题, 结合贝叶斯抽样技术以及非线性混合模型(nonlinear mixed model, NLMM)提出了一种可靠性改进的分析方法。首先, 需要检验所收集的数据是否服从威布尔分布以及验证形状参数是否是恒定常数。其次, 考虑随机效应对尺度参数和形状参数的影响, 运用NLMM构建了尺度参数和形状参数与试验因子之间的函数关系。然后, 利用贝叶斯方法估计低分位数的可靠性寿命。最后, 实际案例研究表明, 在考虑删失问题和未完全随机设计的影响时, 所提方法能够获得更为稳健和可靠的估计结果。     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

双透射率成像模型与Retinex 融合的水下图像清晰化

针对水下图像出现的颜色失真、对比度低、雾化现象等问题,提出双透射率成像模型与Retinex融合的水下图像清晰化方法.首先,采用基于改进双透射率成像模型的复原算法,用以解决图像雾化以及亮度失衡;其次,在带色彩恢复的多尺度Retinex增强算法中引入引导滤波,解决图像色偏问题;此外,引用自动色彩增强算法,有效提升对比度;最后,将三个输入图像与结合对比度、显著性、饱和性得到的对应权重图采用多尺度融合框架得到清晰化水下图像.实验结果表明,与现有新颖算法相比,所提方法可以最大程度地将多种单一算法的优势有效结合起来,水下彩色图像质量评价指标(underwater color image quality evaluation,UCIQE)均值高于各比较算法6.03％且加速鲁棒特征(speeded up robust features,SURF)特征匹配点明显提升,算法能在保留图像细节的同时有效校正色偏现象、提升图像对比度及清晰度,更符合人眼的视觉效果.     

基于改进OMP算法的稀疏目标微波关联成像方法

利用稀疏重构类方法进行雷达微波关联成像时, 传统的正交匹配追踪(orthogonal matching pursuit, OMP)算法在每一次迭代过程中均需要求解目标函数的最小二乘解, 导致成像算法计算复杂度随矩阵规模和迭代次数增加而急剧攀升。针对此问题, 结合频率捷变思想, 提出了一种改进OMP算法的稀疏目标微波关联成像方法。首先, 阐明了微波关联成像机理, 并构建了微波关联成像信号模型; 然后, 利用共轭梯度法对OMP算法中的最小二乘求解步骤进行了改进, 并分析了改进后算法的计算量; 最后, 通过与最小二乘成像方法、匹配滤波成像方法和基于传统OMP稀疏重构的成像方法进行计算机对比仿真实验, 证明了本文算法的正确性与优越性。     

基于已实现半协方差的投资组合优化

在传统的风险度量方法中,常见的协方差估计量并未区分资产收益的下侧风险和上侧收益,而一般的下偏矩估计量则存在非对称性和难以加总的缺点.本文引入已实现半协方差矩阵(RSCOV)作为风险度量进行波动率预测和投资组合研究.本文将RSCOV应用于两种常见的风险分散投资策略—风险平价(ERC)策略和全局方差最小(GMV)策略,并将机器学习中的在线加权集成(OWE)算法用于提升已实现波动率预测方法HAR-RV的样本外预测表现.通过研究发现,相比起已有的其他风险衡量方式,仅包含负向波动信息的下半RSCOV能够更好地被用于平衡组内各资产的风险贡献.基于A股市场2011-2018年的高频数据,本文通过实证研究发现,OWE-HARRV在月度预测步长下的效果优于HAR-RV,而下半RSCOV则能够使ERC策略以及GMV策略在保证一定平均收益的同时,降低了组合收益的极端损失.     

I ain’t afraid of no ghost

This paper criticizes the traditional philosophical account of the quantization of gauge theories and offers an alternative. On the received view, gauge theories resist quantization because they feature distinct mathematical representatives of the same physical state of affairs. This resistance is overcome by a sequence of ad hoc modifications, justified in part by reference to semiclassical electrodynamics. Among other things, these modifications introduce ”ghosts”: particles with unphysical properties which do not appear in asymptotic states and which are said to be purely a notational convenience. I argue that this sequence of modifications is unjustified and inadequate, making it a poor basis for the interpretation of ghosts. I then argue that gauge theories can be quantized by the same method as any other theory. On this account, ghosts are not purely notation: they are coordinates on the classical configuration space of the theory—specifically, on its gauge structure. This interpretation does not fall prey to the standard philosophical arguments against the significance of ghosts, due to Weingard. Weingard’s argumentative strategy, properly applied, in fact tells in favor of ghosts’ physical significance.     

行驶受扰延迟下配送车辆调度的干扰管理决策模型

针对行驶受扰延迟下配送车辆的调度问题,提出了基于多相量子粒子群算法的两阶段干扰管理决策方法.首先以最小化用户时间窗偏离度和最小化配送成本为目标,建立了问题的数学模型;然后对车辆配送发生干扰事件可能采取的干扰管理模式进行了归纳和分类,并在选定模式基础上提出了用多相量子粒子群算法进行路线选择的方法;最后在Solomon算例的基础上通过实验仿真,对所提出方法的性能进行测试,并与全局重调度方法进行对比分析,验证了本文方法不仅达到了优化目标的目的,还满足了干扰管理的实用性要求.