多任务深度卷积网络的CT图像方向校正

针对医学电子计算机断层扫描(CT)图像方向校正问题,提出一种并行卷积回归(PCRN)多任务深度学习网络.通过侧旋角度正回归和翻转概率逻辑回归,求得校正参数来精准地校正图像.进一步,针对医学图像训练样本稀缺的情况,提出一种串行回归(SCRN)的深度学习架构,弥补并行卷积回归网络在小样本情况下校正精度不足的问题.实验结果表明:在样本充分,并行卷积回归网络和样本稀缺情况下,串行卷积回归网络对小角度偏转、大角度偏转和翻转的腹部CT图像校正结果都优于传统的配准方法.     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩近井筒裂缝转向模拟研究

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气储层在非主应力方向上存在许多储集体，水力压裂开采技术产生的压裂缝传统的扩展模式为对称双翼扩展线性裂缝，此方式很难沟通大量存在于非最大主应力方向上的储集体。定向射孔并控制水力裂缝扩展路径是解决此问题的关键。本文通过定向射孔压裂起裂模型判断水力裂缝起裂，最大周向应力准则作为判断裂缝转向扩展的依据，结合顺北某油气田实测参数，利用Abaqus扩展有限元法对射孔方位角、水平地应力差、射孔深度、压裂液排量等影响水力裂缝近井筒转向扩展的因素进行数值模拟。结果表明：射孔方位角、水平地应力差是水力裂缝转向扩展的主要控制因素；射孔深度的影响受水平地应力差的控制；压裂液排量的大小对于水力裂缝转向扩展几乎没有影响。     

现代学徒制视角下学校教师角色定位探究

现代学徒制作为产教融合、校企"双元"育人的重要模式和有效手段,在职业教育人才培养全过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用。学校教师和企业师傅"双导师"在现代学徒制的推行中相辅相成、缺一不可,但是目前许多人对双导师之一的学校教师的角色定位理解还有一定的偏差。通过对学校教师角色相关观点和理论梳理,提出现代学徒制视角下教师角色定位。     

Microstructure and heat treatment for Ni3Al-based single crystal alloy with different crystal orientations

Ni₃Al-based single crystal alloy IC6SX with different crystal orientations were prepared by seed crystal method. The microstructure and heat treatment of the alloy were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of the alloy was in dendrite structure, and the crystal orientation had significant effect on the dendrite morphology of this alloy. The precipitated phases of (MoNi)₆C and NiMo appeared in the microstructure of the three alloys with different crystal orientations during solidification process. Compared with other two alloys, the volume fractions of precipitated phases of both (MoNi)₆C and NiMo was the most in the alloy with [111] orientation and the least in the alloy with [001] orientation. The solidus and liquidus temperatures of the alloy IC6SX tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were 1356 °C and 1387 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of different solution temperatures on the microstructure of the alloy with different orientations was studied. The results showed that the precipitated phases of (MoNi)₆C and NiMo were eliminated with the solid solution treatment under the condition of 1300 °C/10 h. However, the incipient melting of the alloys occurred due to the dissolution of low melting point phases. As the temperature dropped to 1280 °C, the area of incipient melting in the alloy with different orientations decreased gradually. However, there was no incipient melting appearing in the three alloys with different orientations when the solution treatment temperature dropped to 1260 °C.     

基于局部方向场散列的掌纹快速辨识方法

面向大规模人群身份辨识的掌纹识别系统有广阔的应用前景。为了加速系统的响应时间,提出了一种基于局部方向场散列的快速掌纹识别方法局部方向场散列(LOFP hashing)。该方法首先使用一种方向特征双编码的方式,解决了传统编码方式不稳定、精度差的缺点。然后提出一种特征窗口化的处理方式,即局部方向场模式,加速目标掌纹的检索。在香港理工大学大规模掌纹数据库Hong Kong PolyU large-scale database,中国科学院掌纹数据库CASIA database以及一个大规模模拟数据库上进行对比实验,结果表明,提出的方法在基本不损失精度甚至有所提高的前提下,可以显著加速辨识速度。因此,LOFP hashing可以有效提升面向大规模人群掌纹识别系统的性能。     

因素挖掘法在投资学课程中的教学实践

投资学课程的时代背景及中国投资学教材的特点决定了投资学课程教学方式的特殊性.构建了一种基于概率测度的因素挖掘法的教学过程设计模式,将课程知识点的难易程度转化为授课时间分配比例,并与学生素质的量化分布一致.投资学课程教学设计案例表明,基于因素挖掘法的课程教学设计效果较传统教学模式有显著性提高.     

Klein-Weyl's program and the ontology of gauge and quantum systems

We distinguish two orientations in Weyl's analysis of the fundamental role played by the notion of symmetry in physics, namely an orientation inspired by Klein's Erlangen program and a phenomenological-transcendental orientation. By privileging the former to the detriment of the latter, we sketch a group(oid)-theoretical program—that we call the Klein-Weyl program—for the interpretation of both gauge theories and quantum mechanics in a single conceptual framework. This program is based on Weyl's notion of a “structure-endowed entity” equipped with a “group of automorphisms”. First, we analyze what Weyl calls the “problem of relativity” in the frameworks provided by special relativity, general relativity, and Yang-Mills theories. We argue that both general relativity and Yang-Mills theories can be understood in terms of a localization of Klein's Erlangen program: while the latter describes the group-theoretical automorphisms of a single structure (such as homogenous geometries), local gauge symmetries and the corresponding gauge fields (Ehresmann connections) can be naturally understood in terms of the groupoid-theoretical isomorphisms in a family of identical structures. Second, we argue that quantum mechanics can be understood in terms of a linearization of Klein's Erlangen program. This stance leads us to an interpretation of the fact that quantum numbers are “indices characterizing representations of groups” ((Weyl, 1931a), p.xxi) in terms of a correspondence between the ontological categories of identity and determinateness.     

数控车床加工椭圆类非圆曲线宏程序应用

为方便加工零件上不同位置的椭圆轮廓,采用坐标系平移与坐标系旋转的方法,将给定椭圆表达式所在的原坐标系与数控车床工件坐标系建立联系.并通过实例进行粗车循环与宏程序联合编程,完成零件加工.提出的坐标系平移与坐标系旋转方法,可方便地对不同位置的椭圆轮廓在数控车床工件坐标系中建立新的表达式,该方法数学计算简单,适用于各类、不同位置非圆曲线的宏程序编写.     

模拟退火聚类算法在结构面产状分组中的应用

鉴于以往的结构面产状分组方法常存在算法复杂、聚类精度差及分组效率低的不足，提出了一种新型的融合模拟退火算法及K-means聚类(SAK)的结构面分组算法，该算法简单易实现.利用模拟退火算法的退火原理，对K-means算法聚类的结构面分组结果进行优化，以期克服K-means算法易受初始聚类中心影响的缺陷.计算机模拟生成的结构面数据的分析表明，所提方法相较于传统K-means算法具有明显优势.将该方法应用于重庆市三环高速公路兴隆隧道实测结构面的分组中，并与已有方法进行对比.结果表明:该方法不仅聚类精度高，而且迭代速度也较快，具有较强的工程实用性.     

基于非下采样剪切波变换域方向信息测度的多聚焦图像融合方法

根据非下采样剪切波变换(non-subsample shearlet transform, NSST)在图像融合领域的优势和多聚焦图像的成像特点,将NSST运用于多聚焦图像融合。在NSST变换域中,利用方向信息测度能够突出图像边缘纹理特征以及降低图像噪声,将其运用在高频子带系数的融合规则中,并对传统的低频融合策略进行改进,将低频系数和高频系数的融合图像进行NSST的逆变换,得到融合图像。计算机仿真实验表明,相比于传统的剪切波变换的融合策略,本文提出的图像融合方法提高了图像的融合质量,增加了图像的信息量,并能降低图像噪声,具有一定的有效性和实用性。