利用SS前驱波研究纳斯卡–南美俯冲带周边上地幔间断面起伏及其动力学意义

利用USArray的远震记录资料, 对1万多条地震记录的SS前驱波进行共反射点叠加分析(叠加范围是半径为5°的球冠), 得到纳斯卡板块南部及南美板块西部(120°W—60°W, 30°S—5°N)上地幔间断面的起伏形态。由于数据很好地覆盖了研究区域, 叠加范围更小, 因此比以往的结果具有更高的空间分辨率。在Galapagos, Easter和 San Felix这3个热点下方观测到的间断面起伏形态符合地幔深部存在高温异常的假设。还观测到: 在东太平洋洋隆南段下方, 410 km间断面深度增加; 在俯冲带下方, 410 km和 660 km间断面深度增加。     

The landing zone – Ground for model transfer in chemistry

This essay proposes a new notion - the landing zone - in order to identify conceptual features that allow modelers to transfer mathematical tools across disciplinary borders. This discussion refers to the transferable models as ‘templates’. Templates are functions, equations, or computational methods that are capable of being generalized from a particular subject matter. There are formal and conceptual prerequisites for the transfer of a template to a new domain. A landing zone is an ontology that contributes to the satisfaction of these conditions for successful transfer. This paper presents a case study on a model in chemistry - the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) - that makes use of transferred templates from physics - the virial theorem and the wave function. The landing zone in this case is a new ontological notion, that of the topological atom, which prepares ground for the use of the virial theorem and the wave function in chemistry. The virial theorem requires that there exists in-principle stability to the system that it represents, and the wave function requires transformation in its representation that is justified. The ontology of QTAIM - the landing zone for these templates - grounds the scientific use of these templates in the context of chemistry.     

Fe-11Mn-4Al-0.2C中锰钢动态变形行为及其本构模型

基于准静态和动态拉伸实验，建立Fe-11Mn-4Al-0.2C中锰钢在2×10^-3~200s^-1应变速率下变形行为的Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构模型.结果表明，应变速率对弹性变形阶段无影响.在塑性变形初期，实验钢强度随应变速率增加而增加，在塑性变形中后期，实验钢强度随应变速率增加而减少.实验钢应变速率敏感性(SRS)指数m随着应变的增加，由0.013逐渐转变为-0.018.基于实验数据建立J-C本构模型，拟合效果不佳，存在5.1%的相对误差;通过改变应变速率强化系数，提出修正J-C模型，模型具有更好的拟合效果，表现出更小的相对误差，约为1.6%.     

Neural network structure identification in inflation forecasting

Neural networks (NNs) are appropriate to use in time series analysis under conditions of unfulfilled assumptions, i.e., non‐normality and nonlinearity. The aim of this paper is to propose means of addressing identified shortcomings with the objective of identifying the NN structure for inflation forecasting. The research is based on a theoretical model that includes the characteristics of demand‐pull and cost‐push inflation; i.e., it uses the labor market, financial and external factors, and lagged inflation variables. It is conducted at the aggregate level of euro area countries from January 1999 to January 2017. Based on the estimated 90 feedforward NNs (FNNs) and 450 Jordan NNs (JNNs), which differ in variable parameters (number of iterations, learning rate, initial weight value intervals, number of hidden neurons, and weight value of the context unit), the mean square error (MSE), and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) are calculated for two periods: in‐the‐sample and out‐of‐sample. Ranking NNs simultaneously on both periods according to either MSE or AIC does not lead to the selection of the ‘best’ NN because the optimal NN in‐the‐sample, based on MSE and/or AIC criteria, often has high out‐of‐sample values of both indicators. To achieve the best compromise solution, i.e., to select an optimal NN, the preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE) is used. Comparing the optimal FNN and JNN, i.e., FNN(4,5,1) and JNN(4,3,1), it is concluded that under approximately equal conditions, fewer hidden layer neurons are required in JNN than in FNN, confirming that JNN is parsimonious compared to FNN. Moreover, JNN has a better forecasting performance than FNN.     

Redefinition of Nipponbathynella based on the four new species from East Asia (Crustacea: Bathynellacea: Parabathynellidae)

Four new species of the parabathynellid genus Nipponbathynella Schminke, 1973 are described from South Korea (Nipponbathynella leesookyungae sp. nov., Nipponbathynella donggangensis sp. nov. and Nipponbathynella wanjuensis sp. nov.) and Japan (Nipponbathynella shigaensis sp. nov.), raising the number of known species to seven. Nipponbathynella leesookyungae is characterized by the convex ventral surface of the labrum and the rich ornamentation (with three spinules and two teeth) of the exopod of male thoracopod VIII; N. donggangensis by the distal spine on the distal maxillular segment with many dentils; N. wanjuensis by the endopod of the male thoracopod VIII with one seta (instead of two) and the serrated endopodal spur of the uropod; and N. shigaensis by the basipod of thoracopods II–VII carrying strong hairs on their outer margin. The three new and one known (Nipponbathynella pectina) South Korean species share a bur-like inner lobe of the male thoracopod VIII, suggesting their close relationship. Based on the one-segmented exopod on thoracopod I and two-segmented exopod on the thoracopods II–VII, the bell-shaped male thoracopod VIII and the uropod with sympod carrying a large distal spine in addition to several proximal spines of smaller size, with endopod drawn into a spur and with exopod carrying a seta, a close phylogenetic relationship between Nipponbathynella and Arisubathynella Park and Eun, 2012 is proposed.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9650379F-C249-473C-AAA4-B3D638B96322     

金属薄片接头表面特性研究

以不锈钢和灰铸铁材料为研究对象,在不同的压缩应力下,通过保护性四点测电阻法,测量模拟试样在反复拧紧和放松时两接触表面的微观变化规律,研究紧固件接头表面的变形.研究结果表明,被测试样表面在压应力远远小于其屈服应力时发生局部微塑性变形,可直接测量接触电阻的变化规律,对不便直接测量的局部微塑性变形进行研究.将变形时的实时在线非破坏性检测,间接运用到紧固件服御状态下的质量监控和耐用性的研究中.1     

晶体塑性有限元分析开孔对多晶板材力学性能的影响

基于 ABAQUS 子程序 VUMAT 二次开发平台, 将位错和孪晶的演化过程引入晶体塑性有限元方法(crystal plastic finite element method, CPFEM)中, 实现了多晶塑性材料力学行为的有限元模拟, 并通过试验和模拟结果的对比, 验证了所提出方法和二次开发程序的有效性. 应用含孪晶效应的晶体塑性有限元方法 模拟分析了孔洞对于板材开孔问题的影响, 结果表明: ① 当孔径小于板宽一半时, 强度损失采用线性近似估算值是偏于安全的, 而超过板宽一半时, 不宜采用线性估算值; ② 当孔距较小时, 孔径排布方式对开孔板材的韧性以及极限承载力有重要影响, 排布方式可分弱影响区、强影响区和过渡区 3 种模式. 对于承受单向拉伸荷载的板材, 开孔时应选择沿轴线排布的方式.     

基于FDM技术的多料口粒料3D打印 供料及挤料系统设计

FDM 3D打印机多采用由颗粒状热塑性材料加工而成的丝状热塑性材料,材料成本较高,且由于材料本身丝状的几何形状难以实现均匀混合,使得FDM彩色混色3D打印技术具有一定的局限性,难以实现多色混色打印。针对以上问题,根据传统挤出技术并结合熔融沉积(FDM)技术特点,研制了粒料式FDM 3D打印设备供料及挤出系统,原材料直接选用颗粒状塑料,并设计了多个进料口、储料仓和排气螺杆,进料采用穴播轮控制方式。设计结果可以实现不同颜色、不同塑料进料量的合理配比,使颗粒塑料实现充分熔化、加压、均化、排气、再均化、挤出过程,实现均质材质的粒料3D打印过程及多色混色打印过程。所提出的设计可以使用粒料直接进行3D打印,既降低了制料成本、缩短了制料周期,又实现了废料的有效利用,可为3D打印技术的发展提供参考。     

潘三煤矿11-2煤穿层钻孔的优化布置

穿层钻孔的布置方式是影响瓦斯抽采效果的重要因素之一。为研究潘三煤矿11-2煤穿层钻孔布置方式对瓦斯抽采的影响,笔者以该矿2121(1)运顺瓦斯综合治理巷为工程研究对象,分析10×5,8×6和7×7穿层钻孔布置方式对瓦斯抽采的影响。基于对煤层瓦斯的一系列假设建立了煤层瓦斯气固耦合模型,利用有限容积和牛顿迭代法对3种钻孔布置方式的瓦斯抽采过程进行数值模拟,并对这3种钻孔布置方式的钻孔施工工程量和单孔平均抽采瓦斯纯量进行了现场试验考察。结果表明:采用7×7与8×6布孔方式在相同抽采时间下留有空白带面积明显小于10×5,而且它们在消除空白带所需的时间上也少于10×5,由此看出10×5布孔方式最不利于消突;8×6钻孔布置所需钻孔施工工程量最少,而7×7钻孔工程量最多;7×7布孔方式的单孔平均抽采瓦斯纯量略高于8×6,而10×5布孔方式单孔平均抽采瓦斯纯量最低。结合数值模拟和现场试验结果得出,采用8×6钻孔布置方式最优。该研究结果对煤矿井下穿层钻孔设计具有一定的指导作用。     

CFRP/AA6061缠绕组合薄壁结构轴向压溃仿真方法

采用LSDYNA软件建立碳纤维复合材料缠绕在铝合金管外壁组合而成的CFRP/AA6061组合管的模型,对压溃仿真方法进行研究.采用MAT54和MAT123材料模型分别模拟CFRP和AA6061的本构关系,采用参数校准的方法确定CFRP与AA6061的连接界面法向失效应力和切向失效应力,并采用tiebreak接触定义界面.对不同纤维铺层角度的组合结构进行了压溃试验和仿真模型验证.结果表明,该仿真模型精度较高,对[0/90]₃和[90]₆铺层组合管的峰值载荷仿真误差分别为8%和11.2%,均值载荷误差分别为8.7%和6.7%,仿真结果较准确地再现了压溃过程中的峰值载荷和均值载荷,该仿真模型可用于CFRP/金属组合薄壁结构的压溃试验与仿真研究.