水热法制备不同形貌纳米片状MoS_2的光催化性能

二硫化钼是类似于石墨烯的二维层状材料,其优异的磁学性能、电学性能、催化性能和光学性能受到了科研人员的广泛关注.通过水热法制备出4种不同形貌的二硫化钼纳米片.对二硫化钼样品进行扫描电子显微镜测试,以200 W钨丝灯为光源,在暗箱中进行甲基橙溶液的降解测试.通过紫外可见光分光光度计对测试样品溶液进行吸光度测试,得出纳米片状的二硫化钼光催化降解甲基橙溶液降解率最高.     

FeCo-based hybrid MOF derived active species for effective oxygen evolution

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have been regarded as promising catalyst materials due to the richness of coordinately unsaturated metal sites on the surface,which can act as catalytic active centres.In this study,a hybrid MOF material composed of Fe-based MOF and Co-based MOF was prepared with the involvement of graphene oxide nanosheets as additive.It was demonstrated that the hybrid MOF materials showed much higher electro-catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution than the single-phase counterparts.To drive current density of 10 mA cm~(-2),the hybrid CoFe-based MOF only needed an over potential of 290 mV in 1 M KOH.The catalytic activity could sustain for a longer time with only slight current density decrease.During oxygen evolution operation,the MOF catalyst evolved into catalytic active species but kept well the microscale sheet-like structure.It is thus believed that this study will provide an avenue for the development of advanced electrocatalysts.     

Acyl-chloride functionalized graphene oxide chemically grafted with hindered phenol and its application in anti-degradation of polypropylene

In this study,graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were first functionalized by the acyl-chloride reaction and then reacted with hindered phenol (HP) to obtain HP grafted GO (GO-g-HP).The GO-g-HP prepared under the optimized condition exhibited a high efficiency against both thermal and photo oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP).GO-g-HP exhibited a much better anti-aging efficiency than that of HP and GO used individually or that of their physical mixture.The outstanding anti-aging effect of GO-g-HP was attributed to the excellent synergistic effect produced between the chemically bonded GO and HP,which resulted in an improved oxygen barrier property of GO and excellent utilization of the free radical scavenging capability of GO and HP.Also,thanks to the grafting of HP on GO,the physical loss of HP,which was one of the main shortcomings for traditional small molecular antioxidants,was largely suppressed.It is expected that the GO-g-HP prepared can well meet the requirement of long-term applications of polymers in some harsh service conditions.     

丙酸盐对厌氧氨氧化除氮性能及群落结构的影响

为了探究有机碳对厌氧氨氧化的长期影响, 向厌氧氨氧化膜生物反应器中添加不同浓度的丙酸钠, 研究对反应器的除氮效能以及微生物的种群结构和功能变化。结果表明: 反应器主要的脱氮过程由CandidatusBrocadia完成, 当丙酸钠浓度为100 mg/L时, 反应器中由于异养细菌的生长, 可实现碳氮的同步去除, 平均总氮去除率可达91.9%。当丙酸钠浓度为200 mg/L 时, 对Candidatus Brocadia的抑制作用导致反应器除氮性能下降, Candidatus Brocadia的丰度降至41.2%, 总氮去除率降至 78.8%。在有机碳抑制作用解除后, 反应器的除氮性能恢复为86.8%, Candidatus Brocadia丰度增加到54.0%, 但群落多样性下降, 属水平的微生物组成有较大的改变。     

Eu~(3+)掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及光催化性能的研究

通过溶液法制备了不同铕(Eu3+)掺杂量Ti O2纳米颗粒(Eu3+/Ti O2),利用XRD、TEM、XPS对其进行了表征.在可见光照射下,以光催化降解常用的工业染料为目标反应,探讨了Eu3+掺杂量、催化剂用量、溶液p H值和催化剂重复利用对催化活性的影响,以优化光催化条件.结果表明:煅烧温度为500℃,Eu3+/Ti O2光催化剂晶型为锐钛矿型,其晶粒尺寸为14 nm;Eu3+离子的最佳掺杂摩尔比r(Eu3+︰Ti O2)=3%,样品加入量为1.25 mg/m L,p H=10.75时样品光催件性能最佳;其3次循环降解甲基紫,60 min内降解率仍保持在约96%,说明Eu3+/Ti O2光催化剂具有良好的稳定性.     

CuS纳米晶光催化还原Cr(VI)的研究

合成了片状、球状、花状、管状的CuS,在可见光照射下,其光催化还原Cr(VI)研究的结果表明:CuS的比表面积越大,光催化还原活性越好,活性顺序为片状>管状>花状>球状.     

稠油低温氧化过程结焦行为实验

采用热重(TGA)、差热(DSC)和高温高压反应釜实验,研究稠油在空气和氮气介质中热转化过程及其反应产物,分析稠油油藏注空气过程中低温氧化对稠油结焦反应的影响,考察稠油在不同反应条件下的临界结焦温度。实验结果表明:随着温度升高,稠油在空气介质中的热转化过程经历低温氧化、沉积结焦和高温氧化3个阶段;低温氧化使稠油的临界结焦温度降低,稠油在氮气介质中的临界结焦温度约为400℃,而在空气中经历低温氧化后其临界结焦温度降低至280℃。结合稠油结焦机制分析认为其临界结焦温度降低与低温氧化存在显著热效应及组分变化有关,低温氧化过程导致稠油上述变化降低其胶体结构稳定性,引起相分离,加速沥青质物理聚沉,发生化学共聚生焦。     

过氧化氢对光催化氧化解聚大港减压渣油的影响

应用过氧化氢在光催化辅助下对大港减压渣油进行氧化,并进行气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析。结果表明:过氧化氢在大港重质减压残渣的光催化氧化过程中起到重要促进作用,能使重油原样中约占70%的正构烷烃逐渐转化成极性较强、有利于分离的含氧化合物(含量达92.94%);含氧化合物主要包括36.05%的有机羧酸、14.56%的有机酯以及9.05%的其他链式含氧化合物(醚、酮和酚类产物等),杂环类化合物达到21.57%,其中五元环醚化合物(呋喃类)占到19.12%;长链烃能被解聚而减小碳链单元数量;过氧化氢、催化剂、重油减渣的用量和溶剂种类等因素对过氧化氢的氧化作用都有影响。     

超临界水在废水处理中的应用

超临界水氧化技术是一种新型的氧化技术,同传统技术相比,具有无污染、处理率高、无需后续处理等特点。从该技术的特点、氧化机理、国内外应用等方面进行了探讨。     

自由基介导C—H键环化合成吲哚酮的研究进展

吲哚酮及其衍生物广泛分布在自然界中,其合成方法研究是当前合成化学领域中的热点之一.按照偶联的方式及其相关的机理,对近几年来自由基介导C—H键环化合成吲哚酮研究进行了归纳,从催化剂、氧化剂和溶剂等反应条件对反应体系的影响出发,讨论了C—H键的切断方法.