ZrO2添加量对等离子放电烧结制备WC-6Co组织和性能的影响

以WC-6Co为主体原料，通过添加不同含量的ZrO₂作为烧结助剂，采用SPS烧结技术制备出性能出众的WC-6Co硬质合金，研究了ZrO₂烧结助剂对硬质合金显微组织及力学性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着ZrO₂添加量的增加，试样的显微组织更加致密，相对密度更大，硬度和断裂韧性也有一定程度的增加.并且，当添加ZrO₂的质量分数为3%时，试样的相对密度达到96.7%，维氏硬度增加到20.28kN·mm^-2，断裂韧性增长到12.7MPa·mm^1/2，综合性能最优.研究发现，ZrO₂可以通过促进离子的扩散和颗粒的重排促进烧结，最终使得材料的相对密度和性能均得到提升.     

辅助离子束对孪生磁场中频反应溅射等离子体特性的影响

 在自行研制的离子束辅助孪生磁场中频反应溅射设备中制备光学氧化钛薄膜，利用郎缪尔静电探针研究等离子特性变化，同时测定基片表面的伏安（I-V）特性。结果表明，随离子束功率密度不断提高，等离子体电子密度不断增加，悬浮负电位绝对值减小，溅射阴极电压下降；基片表面经历从富电子向富阳离子转变，基片正电位不断提高；辅助离子束为109 W时，基片表面处于电中性等离子体平衡态。     

A TEM study on the microstructure of spark plasma sintered ZrB_2-based composite with nano-sized SiC dopant

Sintering behavior of ZrB_2 ceramic with nano-sized SiC dopant was studied. ZrB_2-25 vol% nano-sized SiC was selected as the starting mixture to fabricate the composite. The manufacturing process was accomplished at 1800℃ for 5 min under 25 MPa via spark plasma sintering(SPS). The as-sintered sample reached a relative density of 99%. Besides the initial phases, namely ZrB_2 and SiC, the high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD) was used to study the formation of an in-situ ZrC phase. The possible chemical interactions during the ZrC phase formation were scrutinized. The microstructure of the composite was studied by the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Elemental analysis through FESEM evaluations revealed the formation of amorphous phases, rich in Zr, C, Si, B, and O elements, which was in harmony with the thermodynamical assessments. TEM studies endorsed the formation of such phases, containing a glassy bed of Si–B–O with ZrC and C islands dispersed therein.     

ICP-MS法测定钼矿石中伴生锂、镓和稀土元素

通过比较氢氟酸-硝酸高压罐密闭消解法、 氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-盐酸低压密闭消解法和氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-盐酸敞口消解法对钼矿样品的分解效果， 选用低压密闭消解法制备样品， 用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS)法测定伴生稀有元素Li，Ga和15种稀土元素的质量比. 通过对干扰元素的分析， 选择合适同位素， 并确定¹⁵¹Eu，¹⁵⁷Gd，¹⁵⁹Tb质谱干扰的校正系数. 结果表明，  20 μg/L的铑（Rh）标准溶液作为内标可有效抑制溶液中的基体效应和信号动态漂移， 方法检出限为0.001~0.113 μg/g， 相对标准偏差（RSD， n=7）为0.30%~3.92%.  经标准物质和实际样品验证， 该方法可靠， 适合钼矿中伴生Li，Ga和稀土元素的测定.     

低氧LiF–NdF3熔盐体系阳极过程的电化学行为研究

The oxidation of oxygen ions and the generation of an anode effect at a low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg were discussed in this paper. Cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry tests were conducted to explore the anodic processes of LiF–NdF₃ melt after a lengthy period of pre-electrolysis purification at 1000°C (during which the oxygen content reduced from 413 to 150 mg/kg). The oxidation process of oxygen ions was found to have two stages: oxidation product adsorption and CO/CO₂ gas evolution. The adsorption stage was controlled by diffusion, whereas the gas evolution was controlled by the electrochemical reaction. In comparison with oxygen content of 413 mg/kg, the decrease in the amplitude of the current at low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg was much gentler during the forward scanning process when the anode effect occurred. Fluorine-ion oxidation peaks that occurred at about 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+ could be clearly observed in the reverse scanning processes, in which fluorine ions were oxidized and perfluorocarbons were produced, which resulted in an anode effect.     

‘Revolutions,philosophical as well as civil’: French chemistry and American science in Samuel Latham Mitchill’s Medical Repository

ABSTRACT

From 1797 to 1801 a controversy played out on the pages of the Medical Repository, the first scientific journal published in the United States. At its centre was the well-known feud between the followers of Antoine Lavoisier and Joseph Priestley, the lone supporter of the phlogiston model. The American debate, however, had more than two sides. The Americans chemists, Samuel Latham Mitchill and Benjamin Woodhouse, who rushed to support Priestley did not defend his scientific views. Rather, as citizens of a republic, they defended his right to have them. They also castigated the assertions of the “French chemists,” whose claims that the new chemistry obviated debate seemed unsettlingly similar to the dictatorial ambitions of the French state. Using the Medical Repository, Mitchill and Woodhouse sought a compromise that validated the new chemistry, but united it with a more egalitarian form of discourse. The desired balance eluded them. Priestley proved too stubborn, and as the French Revolution descended into dictatorship and war, Mitchill and Woodhouse came more to realize that truly prising French chemistry from the culture of the revolutionary era. The episode left Mitchill and Woodhouse disillusioned with chemistry and hoping to redirect scientific enthusiasm to more pious ends.     

快速真空变压吸附制氧的排放气充压过程研究

测试了微型制氧吸附剂的平衡吸附特性,在此基础上选出适合快速真空变压吸附制氧的吸附剂. 针对传统的单塔两步快速变压吸附制氧含量低问题,提出了提高产品气氧含量的单塔快速变压吸附制氧的排放气和原料气组合充压流程,并对该流程进行实验研究. 结果表明:在单塔快速真空变压吸附制氧过程中,采用排放气和原料气组合充压流程可以有效提高产品气氧含量. 充压前排放气的压力和氧含量是影响产品气氧含量的关键参数,采取合适的排放气压力和较高氧含量的排放气可获得更高的产品气氧含量. 在吸附和解吸压力分别为240 kPa和60 kPa时,采用排放气和原料气组合充压的快速真空变压吸附流程可获得氧体积分数90%的产品气,其产氧率为325. 08 L·h-1·kg-1 .     

Plasma preparation and low-temperature sintering of spherical TiC–Fe composite powder

A spherical Fe matrix composite powder containing a high volume fraction (82vol%) of fine TiC reinforcement was produced us-ing a novel process combining in situ synthesis and plasma techniques. The composite powder exhibited good sphericity and a dense struc-ture, and the fine sub-micron TiC particles were homogeneously distributed in theα-Fe matrix. A TiC–Fe cermet was prepared from the as-prepared spherical composite powder using powder metallurgy at a low sintering temperature;the product exhibited a hardness of HRA 88.5 and a flexural strength of 1360 MPa. The grain size of the fine-grained TiC and special surface structure of the spherical powder played the key roles in the fabrication process.     

2010年贵州省南部森林生态系统固碳释氧服务功能价值评估

以贵州南部三州为研究区,运用连续生物量转换因子法,基于2010年森林清查小班数据,估算了2010年贵州南部森林植被净生产力,以此为基础,计算了2010年贵州南部森林生态系统固碳释氧价值量。结果显示:2010年,贵州省南部森林生态系统年固碳量861.39×104t C,年释氧量2 306.07×104t,单位面积年固碳量1.95t C/(hm2·a),单位面积年释氧量5.21t/(hm2·a);贵州省南部森林生态系统年固碳价值103.37亿元,年释氧价值230.61亿元,总价值333.98亿元;杨树单位面积固碳释氧价值最强,达到0.86万元/(hm2·a)和1.92万元/(hm2·a);柏木单位面积固碳释氧能力最弱,分别仅有0.10万元/(hm2·a)和0.23万元/(hm2·a);固碳释氧价值在空间上呈现出由西向东递增趋势,这与贵州南部的水热条件分布基本一致。