四阶方程的有理Legendre函数全对角化谱方法

针对四阶椭圆型方程,提出了在半直线域上全对角化的有理Legendre谱方法。构造了Sobolev正交的Legendre有理基函数,并导出了相应的全对角化的离散代数方程组。与此同时,微分方程的真解和数值解都表示为Fourier级数形式及其截断形式。数值结果表明了该方法的高效性并保持谱精度。     

大蓟多糖提取条件优化

本文研究温度、时间、液固比3项因素对中药大蓟中提取多糖的影响,并利用正交实验对该提取工艺进行了优化,结果表明:提取温度95 ℃,提取时间2 h,液固比20:1为最佳提取工艺.     

The material theory of induction and the epistemology of thought experiments

John D. Norton is responsible for a number of influential views in contemporary philosophy of science. This paper will discuss two of them. The material theory of induction claims that inductive arguments are ultimately justified by their material features, not their formal features. Thus, while a deductive argument can be valid irrespective of the content of the propositions that make up the argument, an inductive argument about, say, apples, will be justified (or not) depending on facts about apples. The argument view of thought experiments claims that thought experiments are arguments, and that they function epistemically however arguments do. These two views have generated a great deal of discussion, although there hasn't been much written about their combination. I argue that despite some interesting harmonies, there is a serious tension between them. I consider several options for easing this tension, before suggesting a set of changes to the argument view that I take to be consistent with Norton's fundamental philosophical commitments, and which retain what seems intuitively correct about the argument view. These changes require that we move away from a unitary epistemology of thought experiments and towards a more pluralist position.     

铁路道砟形态特征的统计分析与几何重构

道砟颗粒几何形态特征对其力学特性影响显著。为了量化研究铁路道砟形态特征，以真实的铁路一级碎石道砟颗粒为例，采用3D激光扫描获取道砟颗粒点云数据，引入道砟整体形态特征指标（长轴、中轴、短轴、球度指数），提出道砟局部形态特征指标（曲率指数），统计并建立上述整体和局部形态特征指标的概率密度分布函数。在此基础上，基于本征正交分解（POD）及径向基（RBF）神经网络提出了基于颗粒形态指标概率密度分布的道砟样本的重生成算法，重构道砟颗粒样本库。采用上述重生成算法分别重构了600及4 000个颗粒道砟，结果表明：重构道砟样本形态特征指标的统计分布结果均与真实扫描试样结果接近，证明该方法能够快速实现基于颗粒形态指标概率密度分布的任意数量道砟样本的建立。     

一类Cantor-Moran谱测度的极大正交集

该文讨论了一类Cantor-Moran 谱测度. 利用极大映射刻画了所对应的平方可积函数空间中所有的极大正交集， 这为寻找此函数空间更多类型的谱提供了很好的渠道， 也便于傅里叶级数收敛性的研究.     

隧道爆破力学模型相似材料配比的正交试验

以砂岩作为模拟对象,研究满足隧道爆破力学模型试验要求的相似材料配比问题.基于正交试验法,选取石英砂、重晶石粉、石膏、水泥和水为相似材料,设置以石英砂/固体、水泥/石膏、重晶石粉/(重晶石粉+石英砂)的质量比为3个因素,每个因素3个水平,共9组配比的正交试验方案.通过室内试验,得到相似材料的密度、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和声波波速的实测数据.试验结果表明:相似材料的物理力学参数分布范围较广,可满足不同隧道模型试验对相似材料的配比要求.利用极差敏感分析法分析各因素对相似材料参数的敏感性,并通过各因素对相似材料参数影响的直观分析图,分析各因素对相似材料物理力学参数的影响规律.对试验数据进行多元线性回归分析和室内试验,发现最优配合比下的相似材料与原型砂岩的单轴应力-应变曲线具有相似的脆性破坏特征;相似材料物理力学参数的设计值和实测值误差较小.     

The role of orientation experiments in discovering mechanisms

Many types of experiments have been recognized in the literature. One important type we discuss in this article is the orientation experiment. While orientation experiments are like other types of experiments in that they are tests for causal relevance, they also have other qualities. One important (but not the only) goal of these experiments is to offer a rough, qualitative characterization of the mechanism responsible for a capacity of interest, effectively constraining future research. This makes them particularly useful during the early stages of investigation, when an explanandum-phenomenon has just been identified and several (often competing) hypotheses as to the qualitative character of the mechanism responsible for it are proposed. We illustrate our claims, and explicate a number of additional aims that orientation experiments can sometimes serve, by considering three case studies from different era's, namely the discovery of the mechanisms responsible for i) the capacity of eels to produce numbing sensations (17th and 18th century), ii) puerperal fever in Semmelweis' Vienna Maternity Hospital (19th century), and iii) the capacity of pigeons to home (20th century).     

血清miRNA提取方法的优化

利用正交试验法优化血清miRNA的提取方法,为进一步研究血清miRNA作为生物标记物提供方法学基础.本文以hsa-miRNA-223-3p,hsa-miRNA-483-5p和hsa-miRNA-16为检测目标,通过比较Trizol法和Trizol+酚/氯仿法的miRNA提取效率和qPCR检测结果,应用正交试验选择出最优实验方案.结果表明血清miRNA的最优提取方法为:血清用DEPC水4倍稀释,离心条件为4℃,12 000r·min-1,离心时间为10min,Trizol法提取.     

基于正交设计的陶瓷再生混凝土配合比试验

为提高废旧陶瓷的再生利用率,将陶瓷颗粒与陶瓷粉作为再生混凝土骨料与掺合料进行再生利用.运用正交设计的试验方法,以陶瓷粉、陶瓷颗粒、再生细骨料、粉煤灰、硅灰为5因素,每个因素设置4个水平,共设计16组配合比方案,进行抗压、导热等试验,得到陶瓷再生混凝土的强度、导热系数等物理力学参数,并寻找出最优配合比.试验结果表明最佳配合比为:陶瓷粉的质量分数为10%,陶瓷颗粒的质量分数为20%,再生细骨料的质量分数为40%,粉煤灰的质量分数为15%,硅灰的质量分数为5%.     

冻土单轴抗压试验研究及盾构始发冻结优化设计

为保证浅埋深富水软弱地层的盾构隧道安全始发,采用人工冻结法进行端头加固。通过在室内进行冻土单轴抗压试验,得到可靠的冻土力学参数,并采用正交试验的方法分析冻结深度、冻结宽度和冻结温度对地表沉降和管片拱顶沉降的影响规律和影响程度,选取确定最优冻结加固方案。结果表明：土体冻结温度越低,抗压强度越大；对地表沉降和管片拱顶沉降的影响排序为冻结深度>冻结宽度>冻结温度；最优冻结方案为冻结宽度6m,冻结深度15m,冻结温度-20℃。