原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层热力学与耐磨性研究

熔覆层性能难以满足特定的工艺要求，已成为限制激光熔覆发展的关键因素之一.鉴于此，在45号钢基体上制备出原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层，并进行了热力学分析.通过XRD，SEM和EDS对其微观形貌及组成成分进行了分析，对其显微硬度及耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明:激光功率的改变对激光熔覆过程中原位反应的反应程度有显著影响，过大或者过小的激光功率均会对原位反应的发生起到抑制作用;YCF102熔覆层中原位生成的NbC颗粒的主要形态为四边形和花瓣形;当激光功率为525W时，原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度及良好的耐磨性.     

Superior corrosion resistance-dependent laser energy density in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings were successfully fabricated on a substrate of Q235 steel by laser cladding technology.These(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings possess excellent properties,particularly corrosion resistance,which is clearly superior to that of some typical bulk HEA and common engineering alloys.In order to obtain appropriate laser cladding preparation process parameters,the effects of laser energy density on the microstructure,microhardness,and corrosion resistance of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating were closely studied.Results showed that as the laser energy density increases,precipitation of the Laves phase in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating gradually decreases,and diffusion of the Fe element in the substrate intensifies,affecting the integrity of the(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA.This decreases the microhardness of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings.Moreover,the relative content of Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3,and Nb2O5 in the surface passive film of the coating decreases with increasing energy density,causing corrosion resistance to decrease.This study demonstrates the controllability of a high-performance HEA coating using laser cladding technology,which has significance for the laser cladding preparation of other CoCrFeNi-system HEA coatings.     

外汇欧式期权在市场不完备下的对冲误差分析

本文研究了外汇欧式期权的对冲误差问题,针对典型的静态和动态Delta对冲策略,在对冲过程不连续和利率平价公式不成立的市场不完备情形下,给出了即期对冲和远期对冲的对冲误差公式,从而能够更准确地衡量实际对冲组合产生的风险.在研究Delta对冲策略过程中,本文提出了一个包含摩擦系数ε的外汇远期汇率模型,并通过分析即期对冲和远期对冲的差异,给出了最优对冲方式的判别条件.该判别条件依赖于摩擦系数ε,做市商仅通过对摩擦系数ε实时的监控,便可以选择最优的风险对冲方式,从而提高了对冲效率.本文提出的对冲误差的具体解析式和最优对冲方式的判别条件为外汇期权对冲及其风险管理提供了理论依据.实证结果表明,本文提出的期望收益差与实际对冲组合的收益差基本一致,从而验证了判别条件的合理性.     

奥氏体不锈钢离子渗N组织及性能

采用辉光离子渗N技术对奥氏体不锈钢球阀进行表面氮化处理,改变其表面结构,提高表面耐磨性.选取三组离子渗N的温度,分别为400、440、480 ℃,渗N时间设置为12 h.采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪对渗N改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:离子渗N技术可以大幅提高奥氏体不锈钢的硬度和耐磨性.渗N温度为400 ℃时,渗N改性层最薄,耐磨性最差,480 ℃时渗N改性层最厚、耐磨性最好.     

共产主义实现过程的数学刻画

指出了极限蕴含着理想与现实的统一,以此刻画了共产主义的实现过程——人类社会可以无限地趋近共产主义.把人类社会视为一个系统,提出了它的两条基本公理.借助于公理法,利用逻辑推理论证了劳动将逐渐成为人们的第一需要、劳动创造财富、人类的思想觉悟可以逐渐达到共产主义人生观等重要结论.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.     

金具零部件表面防腐蚀试验研究

随着经济的持续高速增长，各行业用电需求增大。在加快特高压骨干电网建设的同时，提高现有电网的输电能力、输电质量成为重中之重。金具是海上换流站的重要组成部分，海洋环境的特殊性，对金具提出了更高的耐腐蚀性能要求。为了探究海洋环境对金具的腐蚀性，选用ZL101A和ZL102两种典型的铝合金金具，采用5种辅助防腐蚀工艺获得5种耐腐蚀样本，并模拟海上工况对其分别进行盐雾腐蚀试验，得出最优防腐蚀工艺。研究表明：ZL101A和ZL102两种铝合金具有一定的耐腐蚀性能，ZL101A铝合金的耐腐蚀性能强于ZL102铝合金的；抛丸处理的防腐措施在ZL101A铝合金样本中的防腐蚀表现要强于ZL102铝合金样本的；阳极氧化在两种材质中防腐蚀表现均为优异，是最优异的防腐蚀工艺。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

毛泽东、习近平教师素质观之比较

  ［摘要］教师素质观是中国特色社会主义教育思想的重要组成部分，中共中央历代国家领导人都高度重视教师队伍素质问题。毛泽东、习近平立足中国优秀传统文化，从中国教育的实际出发，对教师所需具备的素养问题进行了深入思考，形成了各具特色的教师素质观。两位领导人在教师的政治素质、业务素质和道德品质的认识上是一致的，认为忠诚于党的教育事业、坚持正确政治方向是教师最根本的素养；广博扎实，且不断更新、与时俱进的学识是教师素养的核心；关爱学生，以生为本是师德修养的灵魂。但两者对教师的理想信念、道德情操、教育教学能力等的具体要求不同。总体上看，两位领导人的教师素质观存在一脉相承又丰富发展的内在联系。