基于聚类层次分析模型的社区老年活动场所研究——以福州市中心城区为例

 作为老年人生活空间的重要组成部分，社区老年活动场所的建设须考虑老年人的活动特点和需求。以福州市中心城区的典型社区老年活动场所为例，采用OD调查法与相关分析法等确定了影响社区老年活动场所到访量的因子，并以SD法、德尔菲法等确定各影响因子的权重值，最终构建社区老年活动场所聚类层次分析评价模型，以评价各类型的社区老年活动场所。     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

硅灰改性沥青老化动力性能研究

文章通过旋转薄膜老化试验,研究了基质沥青和硅灰改性沥青在不同老化温度和老化时间下软化点的变化规律,并以软化点为参数建立了硅灰改性沥青的老化动力学模型。结果表明:与基质沥青相比,硅灰改性沥青的软化点随着老化温度和老化时间变化的变化率更低;以软化点为参数建立的老化动力学方程能较好地表征硅灰改性沥青的老化过程。     

改进310奥氏体不锈钢长期时效后的组织与性能

借助扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及高温、室温拉伸和硬度测试研究了实验室研发的改进310奥氏体不锈钢在700℃长期时效后的组织与性能.700℃时效1000 h后,实验钢在晶界和晶内析出了大量(Cr,Fe,Mo)23C6、(Cr,Fe)23C6、σ相和少量的χ相.析出相对实验钢的室温力学性能有明显的强化作用.强度增加,硬度升高20 Hv,同时延伸率仍保持在30%以上.高温下,析出强化效应减弱,延伸率轻微下降.通过断口表面和剖面观察发现,时效1000 h后,实验钢的高温拉伸断口为韧性断裂,未观察到裂纹和孔洞;而室温拉伸断口为脆性断裂,断口附近则观察到σ相中出现裂纹和孔洞.从σ相的脆-韧转变和实验钢基体的室温和高温强度的不同,讨论了在室温拉伸过程中产生裂纹和孔洞的原因,以及时效对室温和高温力学行为的不同影响.     

老化方式对聚氨酯涂层钢板失效行为的影响

运用四种加速方法对聚氨酯有机涂层钢板进行老化,并通过涂层的表观性能和电化学特征对比研究了老化方式对涂层失效的影响.紫外老化对涂层光泽的影响最大,老化32 d失光度达85.7%.盐雾实验前期线性极化阻力Rp迅速下降,后期由于盐膜的生成使得Rp保持稳定;氙灯和盐雾混合老化的光泽度和Rp的变化规律都表现为实验前期与光老化相似,后期则与盐雾实验相类似.此外,拟合不同老化方式的电化学交流阻抗谱发现：混合老化前期主要受氙灯影响,与单一氙灯老化的等效电路一致,表现为两个时间常数;后期产生盐膜,出现三个时间常数.     

时效温度对890MPa级含铜钢组织与性能的影响

根据纳米析出强化机制，设计了一种屈服强度为890MPa的超高强海洋工程用钢——NEU890钢.在相同固溶条件下，研究了时效温度对NEU890钢显微组织、室温拉伸性能、-40℃ Charpy冲击功的影响.用透射电子显微镜分析纳米级析出相分布，并计算出其强度贡献值.结果表明，固溶态试样屈服强度为852MPa，500℃时效屈服强度达到峰值1026MPa，呈现典型时效析出强化特征.NEU890钢的脆性时效温度区间为300~500℃.当时效温度为550~600℃时，NEU890钢的屈服强度为994~910MPa，-40℃冲击功为108~166J，可满足EQ91钢拉伸和冲击性能指标要求.     

温度对生命体寿命的影响

综述了温度对生命体寿命的作用，包括温度参与调节特定基因表达和细胞信号传导通路，温度对能量代谢、氧化还原水平、免疫功能和热量限制的影响。介绍了一种将温度系数引入死亡率定律的假设，以此计算温度与寿命之间的关系，为探究温度对寿命的直接影响提供参考和依据。     

时效时间对6063铝合金准静态压缩性能的影响

以6063铝合金汽车吸能型材为研究对象，采用准静态轴向加载方式，从组织、力学性能等方面研究不同时效制度对6063铝合金型材准静态压缩性能的影响。结果表明：当时效温度为200 ℃时，随着时效时间的延长，合金组织中大尺寸析出相的数量呈先增加后减少的趋势，粗晶层厚度基本不变；随着时效时间的延长，6063铝合金型材的强度、硬度升高，同时准静态压缩的承载能力增强，时效时间6 h时承载能力达到峰值；6063铝合金型材的吸能性能随时效时间的延长而提高，时效时间6 h的吸收功较2 h的提高了48%。