计算重构光谱分析仪研究进展

光谱测量广泛应用于科学研究及工业生产中，而传统光谱仪因体积庞大难以满足众多应用需求。近年来，快速发展的计算重构光谱分析仪因其具有紧凑小巧、高分辨率和大测量带宽等优势而成为研究热点。光波经过计算重构光谱分析仪后所产生的光斑图案与波长存在一一对应关系，因此采取合适的解调算法可以从生成的光斑图案中重构入射光谱信息。目前计算重构光谱仪已能实现am量级光谱分辨率以及数百nm的测量带宽。本综述介绍了目前各类型计算重构光谱分析仪的工作原理以及性能指标，探讨了不同类型计算重构光谱分析仪的优缺点，分析了进一步提升性能指标的方法，展示了一些基于计算重构光谱分析仪的应用，以及展望了其未来发展前景。     

Effect of Co substitution on the structural,dielectric and optical properties of KBiFe2O5

Cobalt (Co)-modified brownmillerite KBiFe2O5 (KBFO; [KBiFe2(1?x)Co2xO5 (x = 0, 0.05)]) polycrystalline is synthesized following the solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the phase purity of KBFO and KBiFe1.9Co0.1O5 (KBFCO). The optical bandgap energy (Eg) of KBFO decreased from 1.59 to 1.51 eV because of Co substitution. The decrease in bandgap can be attributed to the tilting of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure of KBFCO. The observed room-temperature Raman peaks of KBFCO shifted by 3 cm?1 toward a lower wavenumber than that of KBFO. The shift in Raman active modes can be attributed to the change in the bond angles and bond lengths of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure and modification in response to oxygen deficiency in KBFO because of Co doping. Compared with that of KBFO, the frequency-dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KBFCO decrease at room temperature, which is a con-sequence of the reduction in oxygen migration and modification in response to vibrational modes present in the sample.     

Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

祁连山玉石沟橄榄岩中非生物成因甲烷‒石墨流体包裹体及其形成条件

研究北祁连造山带玉石沟橄榄岩中富甲烷流体包裹体。激光拉曼光谱原位分析结果显示, 这些流体包裹体主要由液态或气态 CH₄+C(石墨)组成, 次要成分为N₂, H₂O, C₂H₆和C₃H₈, 代表还原性的C-H流体形式。根据石墨的拉曼特征谱峰, 利用石墨化碳质拉曼光谱(RSCM)温度计计算石墨形成温度, 结果指示石墨在流体中沉淀的最低温度介于430~590°C之间, 表明CH₄+C是非生物成因的, 并形成于地幔环境。     

基于局部非线性地理加权回归模型的地表温度降尺度算法研究

地表温度(land surface temperature, LST)是反映地表状况的一个重要参数，能对地表-大气相互作用过程进行描述。由于受到卫星热红外传感器成像条件的制约，获取的卫星热红外遥感图像存在时间分辨率、空间分辨率难以兼顾的问题，导致反演的LST数据难以得到深入应用。采用LST降尺度算法可以解决此矛盾，获得高时空分辨率的地表温度数据。目前LST降尺度模型逐步由全局模型转向局部模型，但局部降尺度模型忽略了非线性关系。针对此问题，提出基于局部非线性地理加权回归(non-linear geographically weighted regression, NL-GWR)的地表温度降尺度算法。选择合适的研究区域，并分别选取归一化差异植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)、归一化差异建筑指数(normalized difference build-up index, NDBI)以及数字高程模型(digital elevation model, DEM)作为辅助参数进行LST降尺度，将中分辨率成像光谱仪(moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer, MODIS)地表温度空间分辨率从1 000 m提升到100 m，并将基于地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression, GWR)与NL-GWR模型的降尺度结果进行对比分析。实验结果表明，考虑非线性关系的NL-GWR模型要优于GWR线性模型，能够获得较低的均方根误差(1.96 ℃)和平均绝对误差(1.63 ℃)。     

基于改进滤波器和图像多尺度变换的背景抑制算法

红外目标的探测背景具有复杂性和非平稳性,为提高后续检测性能,常常通过抑制背景来增强目标能量。针对传统背景抑制方法检测率低、虚警率高的问题,提出一种基于改进滤波器和图像多尺度变换的复杂背景抑制算法。首先,对红外图像进行改进的滤波处理获得预处理图像。其次,通过高斯金字塔多分辨技术,平滑图像背景。然后,采用Cubic插值算法提高图像的分辨率,得到背景估计图像。最后,将预处理图像和背景估计图像差分,获得背景抑制的结果。经验证,该算法实时性相对传统方法提高了19%,对于多种复杂的背景情况具有良好的适应性。同时，算法计算复杂度较低,有利于实现实时性工程应用。     

基于近场扫描的移动通信卫星EMC性能评估

针对移动通信卫星射频载荷产生的系统内和系统间复杂电磁兼容性问题,以及批产化研制特点带来的非专门电磁兼容性试验验证评估需求,提出了一种基于近场扫描的电磁兼容性评估方法。针对卫星载荷的辐射影响,采用柱面近场扫描获得载荷的近场辐射特性,用于系统内的电磁兼容性分析。基于近远场变换技术获得远场辐射特性,用于星座系统间的电磁兼容性评估。给出了探头补偿方法和扫描步进优化方法来提高测试准确度和测试效率。仿真和试验校验证明了方法的有效性。将该方法应用到卫星系统内和系统间电磁兼容性(electromagnetic compatibility, EMC)分析评估中,结果表明方法可有效满足工程应用需求。     

Structure and corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Fe alloys

The microstructure and electrochemical properties of Al–Cu–Fe alloys with the atomic compositions of Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15),Al_(78)Cu_7Fe_(15)and Al_(80)Cu_5Fe_(14)Si_1have been studied.The alloys were produced by induction melting of pure elements with copper mold casting.The microstructure of the alloys was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The formation of quasicrystalline phases in the Al–Cu–Fe alloys was confirmed.The presence of intermetallic phases was observed in the alloys after crystallization in a form of ingots and plates.The electrochemical measurements were conducted in 3.5%NaCl solution.The electronic structure of the alloys was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The post corrosion surface of the samples was checked using a scanning electron microscope equipped with the energydispersive X-ray detector.It was observed that the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy had the highest corrosion resistance.The improved corrosion resistance parameters were noted for the plate samples rather than those in the as-cast state.And the hardness of the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy was significantly higher than the other alloy samples.     

基于多域网络的红外目标跟踪算法

随着红外探测器性能的不断提升, 红外目标跟踪在智能安防等领域的应用越来越广泛。然而红外图像分辨率较低, 依赖其进行目标跟踪仍然是一个制约相关应用发展的难题。针对红外图像分辨率低的特点, 以多域网络为模型算法框架, 结合目标运动过程中的尺寸变化特点, 提出了一种基于多域网络的红外目标跟踪算法。为了评估算法性能, 分别在VOT-TIR2016数据库和AMCOM红外数据上进行了实验。实验结果表明, 目标尺度预测机制能够显著提高算法的跟踪精度。     

迁移学习在食用油光谱模型转移中的应用

由不同光谱仪器采集的光谱数据建立的模型在共享使用时,会出现模型失效问题,使得模型的利用率低,不利于光谱行业的发展需要。尝试采用迁移学习方法探究在食用油酸值和过氧化值2个指标上的模型转移。实验样本为大豆油、花生油、芝麻油和玉米油共50个食用油样本;实验仪器为VERTEX70傅里叶红外光谱仪和AntarisⅡ傅里叶近红外光谱仪(包含光纤探头和透射探头)。以不同的仪器组合设计了3组实验,采用偏最小二乘法建立近红外光谱定量分析模型,进行了模型转移研究。以第一组实验为例,经过迁移学习后建立的酸值和过氧化值模型的相关系数,由0.068419和-0.371980上升至0.730980和0.819040;校正均方根误差系数由0.358180和0.090110下降至0.192480和0.032720。实验表明,迁移学习可以有效地缓解模型失效问题,提高了模型的泛化能力。该研究可为光谱分析模型的广泛应用提供新的思路。