溶剂型双组分重防腐涂料的制备及性能研究

采用可控阳离子聚合工艺制备含氟聚醚（fluoropolyether，FPO），并以此FPO为软段、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（diphenyl methane diisocyannate，MDI）为硬段、三乙醇胺（triethanolamine，TEA）为扩链剂合成软硬段质量比为1：3的热固性含氟聚氨酯（thermosetting fluorined polyurethane，S-FPU）。进而将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane，KH550）和MDI改性的凹凸棒土（palygorskite-KH550，AT-KH550和palygorskite-MDI，AT-MDI）引入S-FPU中获得两种新型的S-FPU/AT-KH550和S-FPU/AT-MDI。根据涂料配方的标准，选择合适的片层状填料、溶剂体系，分别制备了以S-FPU，S-FPU/AT-KH550和S-FPU/AT-MDI为基体树脂的溶剂型双组分重防腐涂料。对涂膜的耐腐蚀性能、耐老化性能、耐水性能及表面性能进行了研究。结果表明：在相同测试时间内，以复合材料为基体的涂膜（S-FPU/AT-KH550和S-FPU/AT-MDI）的耐电化学腐蚀性能更优，涂膜损坏程度低；水环境中涂膜能够对金属实现良好的保护，防止金属基材生锈，涂膜不起泡，不脱落，变色、失光现象不明显，其中S-FPU/AT-MDI涂膜的性能最好，涂膜表面疏水性更优。     

CZTS/La_2Ti_2O_7纳米粉体的制备及光催化性能

利用水热法合成路线,通过原位生长的方法,制备出Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)/La2Ti2O7纳米复合材料。并以其为光催化剂,在紫外光和可见光照射下对罗丹明B(RhB)进行降解。采用XRD、SEM对其成分及形貌进行表征,通过UV-vis漫反射吸收曲线表征半导体材料光吸收性能及禁带宽度,并研究CZTS/La2Ti2O7复合物的光催化性能。结果表明:CZTS均匀地分布在La2Ti2O7表面,通过复合有效地减小了La2Ti2O7催化剂的带隙,拓展了光响应范围。在可见光和紫外光下,该复合材料均具有良好的光催化活性。     

Au/Cu_(1.94)S/ZnS纳米复合物的制备及其光催化性能研究

在油胺中合成Cu1.94S/ZnS,并将其分散到乙醇溶液中在磁力搅拌下与金纳米粒子复合,制备了Au/Cu1.94S/ZnS三元纳米复合物,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等分析测试手段对所得产物进行表征,考察了在可见光下Au/Cu1.94S/ZnS纳米复合物对染料RhB的光催化降解性质.结果显示:Au/Cu1.94S/ZnS纳米复合物具有优异的光降解性能.     

球形多孔氧化钴/碳复合材料的制备及电容性能研究

采用水热合成和煅烧制备氧化钴/碳(Co3O4/C)复合材料,通过SEM、XRD、N2吸附实验等对该材料进行表征.制备的Co3O4/C复合材料为5μm大小,孔径约为30nm的多孔球形结构.在6mol/L的氢氧化钾溶液中进行电化学测试.结果表明,Co3O4/C复合材料具有良好的电容性能.在电流密度为1A/g时,比电容为143F/g.此外,Co3O4/C复合材料还表现出良好的循环稳定性,在1A/g的电流密度下,充放电循环1000次后,比电容保持率为77.8%.     

Preparation, structure, and properties of polyurethane foams modified by nanoscale titanium dioxide with three different dimensions

TiO2-based nanosheets (TiNSs), TiO2-based nanotubes (TiNTs) were prepared by hydrothermal processing, and polyurethane foams with TiO2 nanopowders (P25), TiNSs and TiNTs were synthesized by free-rising foaming method. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra show that the addition of titanium dioxide does not affect the chemical structure of polyurethane foam. However, microscope observations show that PU/TiNSs composite foams have more uniform cells and the average aperture smaller than that of pure poly-urethane foams. According to the results of thermal analysis, the PU/TiNSs composite foams have better thermal stability, the temperature of decompostion occurring with a maximum weight loss rate is about 30 ℃ higher than that of pure PU foams. The decompostion temperatures are 167 ℃ and 148 ℃ for the PU/P25 composite foams and the PU/TiNTs composite foams respectively, which are lower than that of pure PU foams. Moreover, with the addition of the fillers, the sound absorption property also has changed; the addition of TiNSs improved the sound absorbing property efficiently. The better thermal stability and sound absorption of PU/TiNSs composite foams are mainly due to the uniform cells diffuse and smaller aperture.     

LLDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites produced from different crystallite sizes of TiO2 via in situ polymerization

Nano-TiO2 particles with a range of crystallite sizes were synthesized by a conventional sol-gel method,and then used as nanoparticle substrates in the synthesis of LLDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites via in situ polymerization of ethylene/1-hexene with zirconocene/MMAO catalyst.It was found that the size of the nano-TiO2 crystallite nanoparticles can influence the catalytic activity in the polymerization system.The larger nano-TiO2 crystallites provided better catalytic activity in the polymerization system due to more space for monomer attack.In addition,by thermo-gravimetric analysis,it can be seen that the larger nano-TiO2 crystallites also exhibited lower interaction with available MMAO.Consequently,the MMAO reacted more efficiently with the zirconocene catalyst during the activation process,and enhanced polymerization catalysis.All the polymer nanocomposites products did not have well defined melting temperature indicating non-crystalline polymers.This is due to the high amount of hexene incorporation(based on 13C NMR).The difference in crystallite sizes of the nano-TiO2 also affected how 1-hexene became incorporated into the polymer nanocomposites.The smaller crystallite size of nano-TiO2 allowed greater 1-hexene incorporation due to depression of the reactivity of the ethylene.The contribution of this work helps develop a better understanding of the role of nano-TiO2 in the catalytic activity of the polymerization system and in the microstructure of the polymer composite product.However,this study only considers work on the laboratory scale,so for commercial application of these results,it is necessary to scale up the polymerization process.It is only at this stage,that other physical properties,such as the mechanical properties of these materials can be sensibly determined.     

基于等离子体处理的纳米复合长丝的微观结构和拉伸变形性能

等离子体处理参数对聚丙烯/聚乳酸纳米复合长丝微观结构和拉伸变形性能有非常密切的关系.拉伸试验、DSC和电镜实验结果表明,加工参数为氧0.1L/min和氨18L/min处理得到样品的热激活体积大;纳米二氧化硅在纳米复合长丝高分子微观结构塑性变形机制中起到阻碍作用.加工参数:氧0.2L/min、氮20L/min、处理时间108s和处理功率120W,可以得到相应加工范围的最佳Tg和Tm的纳米复合长丝.     

Pt/Co_3O_4纳米复合材料的合成及其电催化性质

在乙二醇体系中,制备出了具有两种孔径结构的Co3O4空心球,然后以Co3O4空心球作为载体,以葡萄糖作为还原剂,还原H2PtC l6.6H2O可以将Pt颗粒沉积在空心球表面。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段对产物进行了表征。在常温条件下,用CV曲线(Cyclic voltam-m etry)在H2SO4/CH3OH溶液中测试Pt/Co3O4的电化学性质。结果显示:Pt/Co3O4修饰电极能提高Pt的利用率因而具有增强甲醇氧化作用的效果。     

基片氧化层对纳米FeCo/SiO2复合薄膜结构和磁性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法结合氢气还原工艺,在Si基片上制备了纳米FeCo/SiO2复合薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品进行了测试分析,研究了基片氧化层对薄膜样品微观结构和磁性能的影响.结果表明,基片表面的氧化层起到较好的隔离作用,防止了Si与Fe发生反应,提高了FeCo的晶化程度,增大了薄膜饱和磁化强度,降低了薄膜矫顽力,有利于复合薄膜软磁性能的提高.     

高能GO/ TiO2制备及其光催化反渗透浓水性能

为高效率处理反渗透浓水,采用改良Hummers法、水热合成法制备具有良好的吸附以及光催化性能的氧化石墨烯/具有高能暴露面二氧化钛纳米复合材料（GO/TiO2）,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）表征其微观形貌和物相组成;并以模拟反渗透浓水探究其性能、较佳反应条件及具有协同效应。结果表明,纳米材料中二氧化钛粒子的高能暴露面增多,有助于有效地提高其光催化活性,粒子的晶化度有所增加且均匀附着在氧化石墨烯表面,不仅增大了粒子的比表面积,还降低了二氧化钛粒子的宽带隙能,有助于提高其光催化效率;同时,由于氧化石墨烯接收的二氧化钛受激发释放的光生电子的存在,氧化石墨烯对重金属离子的静电吸附能力显著增强,提高了氧化石墨烯去除重金属离子的效率;所制备的氧化石墨烯/具有高能暴露面二氧化钛纳米复合材料具有良好的处理反渗透浓水性能,氧化石墨烯含量为80 mg的纳米复合材料与pH调节至4的模拟反渗透浓水在室温下避光搅拌3 h、光催化反应1.5 h为较佳反应条件,该纳米复合材料的Pb2+、Cd2+、Cr6+去除率分别为32.2%、19.8%、11.7%,具有协同效应。