CaCl2的水解反应对固态SiO2显微特征的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等手段,并结合热力学理论计算,研究了浸泡在1173 K温度下脱水不完全的CaCl2熔盐中的固态SiO2圆柱样显微特征变化及其原因,初步分析了CaCl2盐的水解反应对固态SiO2电解特性的影响.结果表明,未严格脱水操作的CaCl2盐很容易高温水解,生成的CaO在熔体中的活度只要不低于0.001,即可与SiO2逐级形成CaO·SiO2(CS)、3CaO·2SiO2(C3 S2)和2CaO·SiO2(C2 S)等多种硅酸盐,导致圆柱体外表面的形貌、结构发生较大变化;圆柱体内部渗透进入的熔盐中CaO含量低,形貌变化较小.外表面硅酸盐层的存在使仅内置阴极集流体的固态Si O 2圆柱体电解还原速度减慢和难度增加.     

甲烷水合物一维注热开采实验结合数值分析

甲烷水合物是具有发展前景的新能源，对其的开采方法是当今世界的热门话题。本文运用实验探究甲烷水合物的合成、利用软件模拟结合实验等综合方法研究了甲烷水合物被热力开采时的注热温度、注热时间、注热速率，探究这些因素对其开采效果的影响。并结合构建物理模型和数值分析等方法分析了注热开采的动态及规律。结论表明，甲烷水合物的注热开采是一个非稳态的传热过程，温度与时间的关系先呈指数递减后呈线性递减。     

压裂用纳米交联剂的研究进展

为解决传统的水力压裂存在的胍胶用量大、pH依赖强等问题,利用纳米材料传统有机交联剂结合,制备出纳米交联剂。现对中外关于压裂用纳米交联剂的相关报道进行了总结,论述了压裂用纳米交联剂的制备方法、性能评价和交联机理研究,并在此基础上阐明了压裂用纳米交联剂存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

Micro/nano needles for advanced drug delivery

Along with the boost of drugs’ exploitation, drug delivery has been a common concern among researchers and patients. As an emerging strategy, the micro- and nano-needle (MNN) is a single or an array of micro/nanoneedles, and promises to be a robust technology for efficient, noninvasive and convenient drug delivery. Compared with the conventional injection, MNN can pierce the bio-membranes to transfer cargos without any damage of tissue or nerves. And regarding the topical drug release, MNN is more efficient than oral administration and topical cream. More specifically, microneedle, a powerful technique, has been widely applied in different diseases such as diabetes, anti-obesity and contraception through skin and ocular surface. Correspondingly, many novel microneedles and optimization methods have been developed recently to improve the drug delivery efficacy. Nanoneedle, much smaller than microneedle, can minimize the skin damages caused by the repeated use of microneedles. Nanoneedles with nanoscaled size are usually used to penetrate the cell membrane. And recently many stimulus-aided methods like electrical and magnetic force have been invented to deepen penetration and improve transfer effects. The aim of this review is to introduce the recent advances of MNN-based drug delivery, including their types, application locations and diseases, optimization of delivery strategies and future development prospects.     

氯盐冻融对疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青性能的影响

基于基础性能试验、动态剪切流变(DSR)试验、热重分析(TGA)试验和红外光谱(FTIR)试验,对疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青在氯盐冻融环境下的劣化进程进行了系统研究。试验结果表明,疏水性纳米白炭黑的掺入可以有效抑制沥青在氯盐冻融环境下的劣化进程。基础性能试验和DSR试验表明经过30次氯盐冻融循环后,疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青的针入度增加了17.46%,软化点提高了5.82%,黏度增加了7.76%,车辙因子提升了17%～54%,其增长幅度远小于基质沥青,说明疏水性纳米白炭黑的掺入可以有效降低沥青对氯盐冻融环境的敏感度。TGA试验数据表明了疏水性纳米白炭黑可以提高沥青的热稳定性,但是疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青的热稳定性受氯盐冻融环境影响较为明显,这是由于疏水性纳米白炭黑在改性沥青过程中键合作用形成的连接键在氯盐冻融环境下更容易被破坏。通过FTIR试验可以发现在氯盐冻融环境下沥青发生了化学反应,但无新官能团出现。其中游离烃基(3 676 cm~(-1))变化最为明显,可以更为有效地描述2种沥青在氯盐冻融环境下的劣化进程。在氯盐冻融环境下,疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青各官能团无明显变化,分布较为稳定,具有较高的性能稳定性。     

New pyrometallurgical process of EAF dust treatment with CaO addition

The non-carbothermic zinc pyrometallurgical processing of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust was investigated on a laboratory scale. The main objective of this process was to convert highly stable zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), which accounts for more than half of total zinc in the EAF dust, into ZnO and Ca2Fe2O5 by CaO addition. The EAF dust was mixed with CaO powder in various ratios, pressed into pellets, and heated in a muffle furnace in air at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100°C for a predetermined holding time. All ZnFe2O4 was transformed into ZnO and Ca2Fe2O5 at a minimum temperature of 900°C within 1 h when sufficient CaO to achieve a Ca/Fe molar ratio of 1.1 was added. However, at higher temperatures, excess CaO beyond the stoichiometric ratio was required because it was consumed by reactions leading to the formation of compounds other than ZnFe2O4. The evaporation of halides and heavy metals in the EAF dust was also studied. These components could be pref-erentially volatilized into the gas phase at 1100°C when CaO was added.     

新型有机/无机杂化无定形磷酸钙对5-FU的载药及释放性能的研究

本文通过共沉淀法,在DNBP有机改性剂的存在下合成了纳米级别的无定形磷酸钙球形微粒(ACP),并以5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)为药物模型以ACP为载体在体外做了载药和药物释放研究,傅利叶红外衍射(FTIR),X-ray衍射(XRD), 热重分析仪(TGA), 扫描电镜(SEM), 透射电镜(TEM), 双光束紫外分光光度计(UV)对结果进行了一系列的表征,结果表明：有机/无机杂化无定形磷酸钙作为药物载体具有高载药率和较长的缓释效果,并在载药过程中会发生晶形的转变。     

硼酸钙/氧化石墨烯复合微粒的制备及摩擦学性能研究

以硼砂、硝酸钙和氧化石墨烯为原料利用水热技术制备硼酸钙/氧化石墨烯复合微粒.利用透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和能谱(EDS)对硼酸钙/氧化石墨烯复合微粒形貌、结构及磨痕表面进行表征.将复合微粒用油酸修饰并添加到液体石蜡中,利用四球摩擦试验机分析其摩擦学性能,结果表明:复合微粒添加剂具有良好的减摩抗磨性能.     

水合物地层低温钻井液对井底岩石表层强度影响

由于天然气水合物仅在高压低温条件下稳定存在,为了保持水合物稳定,在钻井过程中宜采用低温钻井液,而在低温条件下钻井液能否对井底岩石表层起到软化作用,对于提高机械钻速具有重要意义。在分析钻井液对井底岩石表层软化作用机制的基础上,较系统地建立低温钻井液软化井底岩石表层定量评价方法,以清水为对比浆液,通过试验将6种水合物地层模拟钻井液(分别含有质量分数为0.1%的表面活性剂和有机盐处理剂)在低温条件下对薄片砂岩试样的软化效果进行对比。结果表明:相比于两种有机盐处理剂,含表面活性剂的4种模拟钻井液在低温条件下对岩样软化效果更好,有利于提高岩石破碎效率和机械钻速;4种含表面活性剂钻井液中,含十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)钻井液对岩样的软化效果最好。     

硅酸根电迁移反应法处理砂浆的耐久性

为提升砂浆的耐久性,用硅酸根电迁移反应法处理砂浆。通过对比试验,研究了基准砂浆、去除表面涂层的被处理砂浆、带有表面涂层的被处理砂浆试件的抗碳化、抗硫酸盐侵蚀、抗氯离子扩散和抗钢筋氯离子腐蚀的耐久性能。应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与压汞仪(MIP)研究了硅酸根电迁移反应法影响砂浆耐久性的微观作用机制。结果表明:砂浆试件的抗碳化、抗硫酸盐侵蚀、抗氯离子扩散与抗钢筋氯离子腐蚀的耐久性能由小到大的顺序为:基准砂浆、去除表面涂层的被处理砂浆试件、带有表面涂层的被处理砂浆试件;硅酸根电迁移反应法对耐久性的提升作用缘于它能致密化砂浆并生成表面涂层的双重效果;由于生成的表面涂层较薄,且含有众多微米级孔隙,使表面涂层对砂浆耐久性影响减弱,砂浆致密化在耐久性的提升中起主要作用。