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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immune responses to stimuli from pathogens or endogenous signals. Under various pathological conditions, the central nervous system (CNS) mounts a well-organized innate immune response, in which glial cells, in particular microglia, are activated. Further, the innate immune system has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic control of development and persistence of chronic pain. Especially, microglial cells respond to peripheral and central infection, injury, and other stressor signals arriving at the CNS and initiate a CNS immune activation that might contribute to chronic pain facilitation. In the orchestration of this limited immune reaction, TLRs on microglia appear to be most relevant in triggering and tailoring microglial activation, which might be a driving force of chronic pain. New therapeutic approaches targeting the CNS innate immune system may achieve the essential pharmacological control of chronic pain. Received 21 November 2006; received after revision 8 January 2007; accepted 7 February 2007  相似文献   
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以神经胶质细胞为细胞模型,观察铅离子暴露细胞形态变化、细胞存活率和凋亡,并采用UPLC QTOF液质联用技术测定铅离子暴露的神经胶质细胞和正常细胞代谢物水平。结果显示:10 μmol/L 铅离子可引起神经胶质细胞的形态发生显著变化,细胞存活率降低,凋亡比例上升;多达973个潜在代谢物水平变化大于1.5倍(在P<0.05时);主成分分析显示铅离子暴露组和正常对照组细胞具有显著不同的聚类趋势;差异代谢物的通路富集分析显示铅离子显著改变神经胶质细胞中谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸盐代谢、抗坏血酸/醛酸代谢、丁酸盐代谢以及谷胱甘肽代谢等多个涉及氧化还原等功能的重要代谢通路。铅离子生物毒性作用机制研究可为缓解铅毒性药物研发提供实验基础和理论参考。  相似文献   
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