Increased incidence of unpartnered single chromatids in metaphase II oocytes in 39,X(XO) mice

Since rare cases of sex chromosome anomalies such as XXX and XXY were observed in the offspring of our XO breeder mice, we performed a cytogenetic analysis of metaphase II oocytes of XO mice to determine whether any changes in chromosomal configurations occur. We found a significantly increased incidence of unpartnered single chromatids in metaphase II oocytes of XO mice. Such single chromatids may contribute to embryonic aneuploidy. In addition, the tendency of the X-chromosome to segregate non-randomly to the oocyte rather than to the polar body was confirmed.     

D-Amino acids in mouse tissues are not of microbial origin

Summary Neutral free D-amino acid contents in the serum, kidney, liver, brain, small intestine and urine in germ-free mice and those in specific pathogen-free mice were compared. No significant difference was found. This strongly suggests that the free D-amino acids which were shown to be present in mice in our previous work^{1, 2} did not originate from the enteric microbial flora.     

映山红有毒成分及其对小鼠毒性的研究

从映山红枝叶中分离出五种毒素(A、B、C、E、F)。试验表明,毒素 C、E、F 均可引起小鼠急性中毒和死亡,主要症状为呼吸困难、肌肉麻痹和食欲废绝;其中以毒素 C的毒性最强,经薄层层析、红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱和质谱分析鉴定为木藜芦毒素 I。     

小鼠趾叶炎与P物质的相关性研究

采用组织化学和免疫组化的染色方法,检测趾叶炎小鼠趾部组织中炎性细胞、肥大细胞及其脱颗粒数和P物质表达的动态变化.结果表明,炎症组小鼠趾部P物质在真皮网状层及血管和腺体周围随着二磷酸组织胺免疫时间的推移,表达逐渐增强,多呈网状走行,且与肥大细胞串联及相邻排列;炎症组小鼠趾部肥大细胞及其脱颗粒和炎性细胞随二磷酸组织胺免疫时间的延长急剧增多,均极显著高于正常组(P<0.01),在给药后14 h三者达到峰值,而后减少,给药后72 h又出现上升趋势;同时,在真皮出现了许多增生的动脉,管壁增厚,管腔内有血栓形成.由此推断,P物质参与小鼠趾叶炎的发病过程.     

被动吸烟对小鼠生长及有氧运动能力的影响

目的:研究被动吸烟对小鼠生长及有氧运动能力的影响.方法:将56只小鼠随机分为4组,每组包括实验组和对照组各7只,实验组小鼠分别被动吸烟1周,2周,3周和4周,然后进行称重、力竭游泳,对照组不吸烟.结果:被动吸烟2周后体重增加明显小于对照组(P0.05或P0.001);被动吸烟1周,2周小鼠力竭游泳持续时间与对照组相比无差异,而3周,4周后与对照组相比存在显著性差异(P0.05).结论:被动吸烟能减缓小鼠的生长发育,并使小鼠的有氧运动能力明显减弱.     

自发性基因突变SCD1-/-小鼠主要脏器参数、血液生理生化指标的观察

目的 探讨SCD1基因缺失对小鼠脏器参数,血液生理生化指标的影响。方法 选取8周龄SCD1-/-小鼠及其杂合子SCD1+/-小鼠,称取体质量及主要脏器,观察其脏器系数。比较不同周龄SCD1-/-小鼠及其杂合子SCD1+/-小鼠的血液细胞学和生化指标,观察其变化特点。结果 8周龄SCD1-/-小鼠与杂合子小鼠比较肝脏系数显著升高(P<0.05)。6～8周龄SCD1-/-小鼠与杂合子小鼠的血液细胞学指标相比RBC、MPV、PCT显著降低(P<0.05),MCV、MCH、RDW、PDW、PLT、LYM显著增高(P<0.05);血清生化指标ALB、TC、TG极显著降低(P<0.01),ALP、ALT、UA极显著增高(P<0.01)。16～18周龄SCD1-/-小鼠与杂合子小鼠的血液细胞学指标MCHC、PLT、PCT相比极显著降低(P<0.01),RDW、HCT、MCV都极显著增高(P<0.01);血清生化指标ALP、TC极显著降低(P<0.01)。结论 SCD1基因缺失对小鼠鼠脏器参数、血液生理生化指标都有一定的影响。     

Multiplication of human-derivedPneumocystis carinii in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice

clinically healthy SCID mice were infected intratracheally withPneumocystis carinii (PC) of human origin. The data obtained provides unambiguous evidence that progressive multiplication of PC organisms of human origin takes place in the lungs of experimentally infected animals. SCID mice that were infected with human-derived PC also revealed a markedly greater number of mouse PC organisms in their lungs than the controls. All the SCID recipients of human PC died by day 65 post infection, whereas the controls, housed under identical conditions, started dying significantly later due to severe mouse pneumocystosis. This animal model could be used for the maintenance and propagation of human PC, and for evaluating strategies for treating human pneumocystosis.     

维生素C-磷脂复合体抑制LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞氧化应激的研究

 为了比较维生素C-磷脂复合体（VitC-PC）和VitC体外抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞氧化应激的活性,本研究提取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,在体外培养,用沙门氏菌脂多糖（LPS）诱导氧化应激,分别用不同浓度VitC和VitC-PC进行处理,测定培养液一氧化氮（NO）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、丙二醛（MDA）和细胞内诱导性NO合成酶（iNOS）,以评价细胞炎性反应、细胞膜完整性和脂质过氧化程度。同时静息态腹腔巨噬细胞与不同浓度的VitC或VitC-PC共孵育,测定细胞内VitC浓度,以评价细胞摄取VitC或VitC-PC的效率。结果发现,在高浓度添加VitC时,巨噬细胞摄取VitC-PC的效率高于VitC（P<0.05）,VitC-PC抑制LPS诱导巨噬细胞释放NO、发生脂质过氧化（产生MDA）和细胞膜损伤（LDH泄露）的效率显著高于VitC（P<0.05）。因此,本研究证明VitC-PC比VitC更易进入细胞内部发挥抗氧化作用。