TRAIL与kallistatin联合表达载体的构建及抗肿瘤活性分析

为研究肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)与组织激肽释放酶结合蛋白(kallistatin)联合用药的抗肿瘤作用,构建TRAIL与kallistatin双表达的重组质粒pAM-CAG-Kal-IRES-TRAIL,将重组质粒转染A549,LO-2,NCI-H446和Hela细胞,考察其抗肿瘤活性.实验结果表明:构建的双表达载体能同时表达TRAIL与kallistatin,且均能分泌至培养基中;TRAIL与kallistatin联合表达对肿瘤细胞活力的抑制作用明显增强,诱导肿瘤凋亡的作用也明显增强,说明联合表达TRAIL与kallistatin能够增强抗肿瘤活性.     

基于级联可分离空洞残差U-Net的肝脏肿瘤分割

计算机辅助肝脏肿瘤分割可减少医生工作量，提高手术成功率，因而具有重要的临床诊疗价值。为获得精确的肝脏肿瘤自动分割结果，该文结合医学影像分割领域近年新兴的U-Net模块提出了基于级联可分离空洞残差U-Net（cascaded separable and dilated residualU-Net，CSDResU-Net）的肝脏肿瘤分割方法。CSDResU-Net采用了级联操作，解决了因肿瘤在整幅图像中占比小而造成的肿瘤分割数据不平衡问题；通过在分割网络中整合残差单元、深度可分离卷积和空洞卷积，能够增加卷积核感受野并快速提取更具判别性的肝脏肿瘤图像特征，从而提高肝脏肿瘤分割精度。在国际医学图像计算和计算机辅助干预协会肝脏肿瘤分割数据库上的实验结果表明，CSDResU-Net比基线方法的Dice系数指标提升了1.3%，同时发现空洞率对分割网络的性能表现影响较大。     

2020年细胞力学热点回眸

 概述了2020年细胞力学研究的热点和进展，探讨了细胞膜表面张力、细胞粘附力、细胞弹性模量、细胞与纳米颗粒相对刚度等对细胞生物学行为的影响及其在疾病诊疗中的应用。     

基于细胞膜仿生策略的纳米颗粒在肿瘤治疗中的应用

随着纳米技术的发展，纳米颗粒凭借其物理、化学、生物学优势被广泛应用于医学领域。然而，生物安全性差、血液循环时间短、靶向能力弱等缺点，仍然限制着纳米颗粒在肿瘤治疗方面的应用。作为一种天然生物材料，细胞膜拥有独特的生物学性质。细胞膜仿生策略赋予纳米颗粒不同的生物学性质，弥补了纳米材料本身的不足，扩大了纳米颗粒在肿瘤治疗方面的应用。文章主要介绍细胞膜仿生纳米颗粒的制备方法以及膜仿生策略在肿瘤治疗中的应用与研究。     

环柱状血管化肿瘤生长模型的自由边界问题

该文研究环柱状血管化肿瘤生长模型的自由边界问题. 假设肿瘤环绕血管外侧生长,考虑其垂直截面的生长规律.肿瘤区域的内侧边界是固定的,外侧边界是自由边界.证明了:(i)该问题存在稳态解;(ii)若血管化函数α(t)保持一致有界,则自由边界R(t)保持一致有界;(iii)若lim_t→∞α(t)=0,则自由边界将收缩至内边界,即肿瘤消失.     

循环肿瘤细胞分离富集与分析检测技术的研究进展

癌症死亡患者中有90%由癌症转移引起,研究表明:患者的外周血、胸腔液等体液中的循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)与癌症转移及肿瘤结节转移(TNM)分期密切相关.因此,CTC检测在实体肿瘤前期诊断、预后及疗效评估等方面扮演着举足轻重的角色.该综述基于CTC区别于正常细胞的物理学、电学、生物学特征,总结了目前CTC分离富集及分析检测技术的研究进展,并就国内外CTC检测面临的挑战进行了讨论,对其未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

凋亡抑制蛋白与肿瘤关系的研究

凋亡抑制蛋白(inhibitor of apoptosis proteins,IAPs)可以作为癌症诊断和治疗的靶点,在肿瘤研究方面备受关注,就凋亡抑制蛋白的结构、功能、在肿瘤中的表达与肿瘤的关系等研究进展作一综述,为凋亡抑制蛋白的研究提供信息和思路.     

椎弓根钉技术在胸腰段椎管内肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的探讨经后路椎板切除摘除胸腰段椎管内肿瘤,同时行椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合后对提高脊柱的稳定性的临床疗效。方法采用后正中入路显微切除椎管肿瘤后应用椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合技术进行椎管重建12例,其中,肿瘤位于胸段7例,腰段5例。结果随访9个月~5年观察效果,X线平片显示手术区植骨全部骨性融合,脊柱稳定。结论采用后正中入路显微切除胸腰段椎管肿瘤后应用椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合技术,能够维持手术后脊柱的稳定性,防止远期后凸畸形的发生。     

Control the invasive growth of gastrointestinal epithelial tumor

Invasive growth of epithelial tumor is a very complex process. Therefore, clarifying the molecular mechanisms of the invasive growth of tumor cells will help us find new targets for cancer therapy, and suppress tumor growth and development more effectively.     

Assessment of alternated cooling and heating treatment by US combined CEUS in the VX2 rabbit liver tumor model

Inoperable liver tumors are often treated by thermal ablation that destroys the tumor in situ and spares the adjacent hepatic tissue.Thermal–physical treatment has many advantages,but treatment by freezing or heating alone has some limitations.By taking the advantages and disadvantages of cryosurgery and thermotherapy into consideration,a new thermal technique that combines cryosurgery and radio frequency ablation has been proposed,thereby overcoming the disadvantages of each treatment strategy and improving therapeutic outcomes.This new approach remains to be systematically studied in the liver;therefore,this study was performed to estimate survival after alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy in a VX2 rabbit liver tumor model.Sixteen days after VX2 carcinoma implantation into the rabbit liver,tumors were treated with alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy.Rabbits were monitored for 6 months after treatment and assessed with ultrasound(US)and computed tomography at 1,7,14,and 30 days posttreatment.Untreated tumor-bearing animals served as the control group.Our results show that alternate freezing and heating ablation therapy resulted in a good recovery of VX2 rabbits.Compared with the control group,treated rabbits lived significantly longer(P\0.05),with 70%of treated animals surviving to 196 days posttreatment without metastasis or recurrence,while none of the controls did so.There was no local recurrence in the treatment group.All rabbits in the control group developed metastasis,while metastasis was only observed in 30% of treated rabbits.These results suggest that alternate cooling and heating ablation therapy can prolong the survival time of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors and is an effective method for tumor therapy.Furthermore,we also showed in this model that contrast enhanced US is a valid follow-up approach to assess treatment effectiveness.