基于改进多目标遗传算法的连铸二冷过程优化

采用一种改进的多目标遗传算法对二冷工艺进行优化.改进的多目标遗传算法应用概率法选取选择算子，根据适应度值来动态计算交叉和变异概率，能够得到更好的全局最优解，提高算法精度和整体性能.在基于凝固传热模型的二冷优化过程中，采用变间距差分法离散求解传热方程，对比粒子群算法、多目标遗传算法，改进的多目标遗传算法搜索效率高，得到的价值函数最小.在实际生产中，采用优化后的二冷工艺，使得总用水量减少约10%，提高了铸坯质量，达到了节能降耗的要求.     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

Effects of SiO2 on the preparation and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets

The effects of SiO₂ content on the preparation process and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets, including compressive strength, reduction, and softening–melting behaviors, were systematically investigated.Mineralogical structures, elemental distribution, and pore size distribution were varied to analyze the mechanism of the effects.The results show that with an increase in SiO₂ content from 3.51 wt%to 7.18 wt%, compressive strength decreases from 3150 N/pellet to 2100 N/pellet and reducibility decreases from 76.5% to 71.4%.The microstructure showed that pellets with high SiO₂ content contained more magnetite in the mineralogical structures.Additionally, some liquid phases appeared, which hindered the continuous crystallization of hematite.Also, the softening–melting properties of the pellets clearly deteriorated as the SiO₂ content increased.With increasing SiO₂ content, the temperature range of the softening–melting zone decreased, and the maximum differential pressure and the comprehensive permeability index increased significantly.When acid oxidized pellets are used as the raw materials for blast furnace smelting, it should be combined with high basicity sinters to improve the softening–melting behaviors of the comprehensive charge.     

碳纤维板-混凝土界面黏结性能的试验研究与有限元分析

碳纤维板与混凝土的界面黏结性能是碳纤维加固混凝土结构的关键性能之一,对加固结构的力学行为和破坏形态等有着重要影响.进行了4个试件的碳纤维板-混凝土黏结双面剪切试验,研究了设置不同粘贴长度的试件的界面力学行为和破坏模式,分析了黏结长度对界面极限承载力和应力分布的影响.试验结果表明:加载点附近应力远大于端部应力,板端黏结界面剪应力沿板长方向大致呈指数衰减分布.在试验研究基础上,在ANSYS中采用正交弹簧单元组模拟界面黏结,建立了试件的有限元模型,并采用试验分析得到的局部黏结滑移曲线关系作为有限元模型中的界面弹簧单元刚度,计算发现有限元分析结果和试验结果比较吻合,从而验证了本文有限元模型的有效性.以本文试验得到的黏结滑移曲线关系为基础,通过拟合得到了基于几种经典黏结滑移本构形式的界面本构模型.试验及有限元分析表明:当拉伸应力超过碳纤维板强度的24%时,碳板已开始从混凝土表面剥离.为保证充分利用碳纤维板的强度,应采用可靠锚具对碳纤维板进行锚固.     

黏结指数G值表征炼焦煤结焦性的局限性研究

对7组相同变质程度和黏结指数G值炼焦煤煤岩显微组分、高温塑性和成焦光学组织结构进行研究。结果表明,相同变质程度和G值的炼焦煤高温塑性差异明显,软化温度相差3~29℃,固-软温度区间相差8~42℃,最大基氏流动度比值为1.3~1266;其炼焦煤焦炭光学组织结构差异亦明显,粗粒镶嵌结构占比相差9%~43%,同性结构占比相差2%~16%,纤维结构占比相差15%~36%。因此,G值对煤料受热所产生胶质体的数量能较好地表征,但对其结焦性的判断存在缺陷。     

基于ANSYS的扁平箱梁桥粘贴钢板加固方案优化研究

结合青岛市某主干道立交桥扁平箱梁桥加固工程,用有限元分析软件ANSYS对扁平箱梁的主梁粘贴钢板加固技术进行了数值模拟分析。通过比较不同加固方案加固前后的应力、位移等分布变化规律,评价各方案的加固效果,并最终得出最优加固方案。结果表明:三种粘贴钢板加固方案都能够显著增强桥梁的承载能力,其中C型方案加固效果最好。并将模拟结果与理论计算值进行了比较,分析了误差原因。     

复合铸锭包覆铸造的数值模拟

建立了一个用来描述4045/3003复合铸锭包覆铸造过程的数学模型,对包覆铸造过程中的流场和温度场进行了数值计算,重点针对铸造速度对流场、温度场的影响规律,并将计算结果和实验测温结果进行了对比.结果表明,适当提高铸造速度有利于两种合金的复合,但是铸造速度过大时,导致芯材支撑层厚度太薄、温度太高,以致复合界面处发生重熔,复合失败,为保证包覆铸造过程的顺利进行,较为合理的铸造速度应为100mm/min.计算结果和实验测温结果存在良好的对应关系,微观组织表明两种合金的结合是一种冶金结合,模拟结果可有效预测界面复合成功与否,对进一步优化包覆铸造工艺方案提供科学指导.     

基于双线性损伤本构的复合材料修理后强度数值分析方法

针对胶接挖补修理后复合材料结构的强度分析,建立了同时考虑复合材料和胶层损伤状态的三维有限元分析模型。采用混合型损伤内聚力模型模拟胶层的脱黏失效行为。建立基于损伤力学的复合材料三维双线性本构关系,量化损伤程度;并编写为有限元软件ABAQUS的材料子程序VUMAT。通过数值计算对结构强度和损伤过程进行预测。分析实例的计算结果与试验吻合得较好,验证了分析方法的有效性。     

铝-4d过渡族金属二聚体的第一性原理计算

【目的】过渡族金属与铝之间的化学成键特性是化学与材料等领域的基础,对铝-4 d过渡族金属二聚体的物理性能进行研究。【方法】用密度泛函B3LYP方法计算铝-4 d过渡族金属二聚体的键长、振动频率、解离能、电离势、能隙和二极矩。【结果】对中性和荷电的二聚体,除AlMo、AlNb+和AlMo+外其键长从AlY到AlPd先减少后增加,解离能和振动频率的变化趋势与之相反。电离势随原子序数的递增先增加,在AlRh处达到极大值后减少。除AlTc的振动频率外,计算结果与已有的实验结果和其他的理论计算结果相符。计算结果还显示除AlCd外,前过渡族金属与铝的结合强度比后过渡族金属的结合要强。荷电二聚体的自旋多重度比相应的中性二聚体差±1。带正电的二聚体的键长比中性和带负电的二聚体的键长要长,荷电二聚体的解离能大于中性二聚体的解离能,解离方式为AlX+→X+Al+和AlX-→Al+X-。     

球形颗粒流数值模拟宏细观力学强度参数相关性研究

采用颗粒离散元方法研究岩土体的细观力学性质时,由于细观参数的选取具有一定的人为性和不确定性,如何确定宏、细观参数之间的关系是必须面临的难题。基于平行粘结模型,在大量数值三轴压缩试验基础上,建立了岩土颗粒材料三维细观参数(颗粒摩擦系数、颗粒接触刚度比、颗粒粘结强度、颗粒粘结强度比)与材料宏观力学强度参数(c,φ)的标定关系。结果表明:细观参数颗粒接触刚度比与颗粒摩擦系数对岩土颗粒材料的剪切强度参数(c,φ)影响较大,其他参数影响可忽略;采用多元非线性拟合方法,定量给出了相关细观参数与宏观剪切强度参数(c,φ)的计算公式;并通过一处于蠕滑状态的边坡力学状态对标定的参数准确性进行了验证。所建立的预测公式可为相关力学计算与数值模拟提供参数确定依据。