基于EMD能量占比的海面漂浮小目标特征检测

针对传统的时频分析方法对海杂波分析有限的问题，提出一种基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)能量占比的海面漂浮小目标特征检测方法。首先，采用EMD将接收回波分为独立不同尺度的若干个固有模态(intrinsic mode function, IMF)分量，实现对接收回波的频率从高频到低频的分解。然后，分别建立IMF分量与接收回波数据的相关系数，并利用平均均值-标准差之比作为筛选IMF分量的准则，自动筛选出能量较大且波动平稳的低阶IMF分量。最后，提取IMF分量在原始信号中的平均能量占比作为特征，利用蒙特卡罗方法设置门限，进行海面目标异常检测。实测数据的结果显示，所提算法的性能优于对比算法。     

Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

w(Co)对CB2钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

为研究w(Co)对CB2钢微观组织和力学性能的影响，调整CB2钢中w(Co)为0.5%，1.0%，1.5%，2.0%和3.0%.利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、室温拉伸等检测方法研究w(Co)对试验钢微观组织和力学性能的影响规律，结合Thermo-Calc和JMatpro-7.0模拟结果解释其影响机理.研究发现:w(Co)增加提高铬当量的值，使试验钢中δ铁素体含量减少，当w(Co)增加到1.5%时，δ铁素体基本消失;材料的抗拉强度随w(Co)的增加而增加，而延长率则先增加后降低;结果表明，w(Co)为1.5%时综合性能较好，即抗拉强度达到805.13MPa，延长率达到20.4%，布氏硬度为260.     

胺类捕收剂在石英表面吸附的定量构效关系

为深入研究胺类阳离子捕收剂在石英表面吸附能与其结构之间的关系，基于遗传算法构建了20种胺类捕收剂在石英表面吸附能与其结构参数之间的定量构效关系模型，得到了模型的相关系数R²=0.969，调整系数R²_ad=0.964，交叉验证系数R²_cv=0.955，显著值F=168.429，表明模型预测结果与模拟计算值拟合较好.四种未参与建模的阳离子捕收剂对所构建模型外部检验结果误差不超过5%，证明模型具有较好的预测性，能够较好预测胺类捕收剂在石英表面的吸附能.     

多主元FeNiMnCr0.75Alx高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的研究

研究了合金中Al含量的增加对铸态FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x（x=0.25，0.5，0.75，原子分数）高熵合金晶体结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合金的微观结构及形貌进行分析，采用维氏硬度计和MTS万能试验机测试合金的硬度和室温压缩性能。试验结果表明，铸态下，FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x高熵合金均由bcc和fcc两种晶体结构的相构成。随着Al含量的增加，合金中bcc结构的相的相对含量逐渐增加，导致硬度和压缩屈服强度也随之升高，应变量降低；且Al含量的增加最终也促使合金中无序bcc结构的相逐渐转变为Ni：（Mn+Al）=1：1（原子分数比）型有序bcc结构的相。     

Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材组织性能研究

通过室温拉伸测试和显微组织观察，研究了挤压温度和热处理工艺对Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材显微组织和力学性能的影响，讨论了热加工工艺、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：Ti-1300钛合金在两相区挤压后的横向组织均匀细小，纵向组织沿挤压加工流线破碎均匀；其拉伸强度高达1 445 MPa。管材在相变点以上的高温固溶组织主要由等轴β相晶粒组成，具有较好的塑性。合金两相区挤压后具有较好的强度和塑性的匹配，两相区挤压的塑性明显优于β单相区挤压，尤其面缩。试样经过固溶时效处理后显微组织明显细化，强度大幅度提高，可达1 300 MPa以上。     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

Exendin-4螺旋结构对生物活性及稳定性的影响

针对Exendin-4的螺旋结构特点, 采用去掉螺旋序列、 用3个连续Ala替换螺旋以及Gln13替换为Tyr13的方式对N端α-螺旋及C端α-螺旋进行改造, 设计出4个结构模拟物. 通过圆二光谱和荧光光谱进行结构分析, 结合模拟物生物活性实验, 分析Exendin-4螺旋结构与生物活性的关系. 结果表明：  Exendin-4的N端螺旋比C端螺旋对生物活性影响更大； 在抗二肽基肽酶（DPPⅣ酶）的稳定性实验中, C端螺旋比N端螺旋具有更好维系Exendin-4稳定性的作用； 螺旋结构中Tyr13可作为提高Exendin-4生物活性的重要优化位点.     

峰值电量约束下的场桥能耗最小化问题研究

随着化石能源的大量使用带来的环境污染问题日益严峻,关注能源使用效率的集装箱港口绿色化运营研究成为近年来的热点之一.本文以集装箱堆场中需要执行预倒箱作业的场桥为研究对象,考虑场桥不同运行状态下的单位时间电量需求不同以及峰值电量实时约束,建立了以总能耗最小化为目标的多场桥调度问题的混合整数规划数学模型.继而,将关键变量利用非连续贝和连续贝两种不同的方式进行编码,将次级变量利用启发式规则进行解码,并设计了相对应的遗传算法交叉与变异方法.数值实验表明,连续贝编码方法表现更为优异;通过与Cplex在小规模算例中的比较,与粒子群算法及人工蜂群算法在大规模算例中的比较,验证了所设计遗传算法的有效性.同时,通过与传统策略的对比,表明本模型可以同时实现能耗总需求与峰值需求两方面的优化,从而可以为港口管理人员在不影响既定日常运营工作的前提下降低能源成本提供科学有效的指导.     

Superior corrosion resistance-dependent laser energy density in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings were successfully fabricated on a substrate of Q235 steel by laser cladding technology.These(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings possess excellent properties,particularly corrosion resistance,which is clearly superior to that of some typical bulk HEA and common engineering alloys.In order to obtain appropriate laser cladding preparation process parameters,the effects of laser energy density on the microstructure,microhardness,and corrosion resistance of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating were closely studied.Results showed that as the laser energy density increases,precipitation of the Laves phase in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating gradually decreases,and diffusion of the Fe element in the substrate intensifies,affecting the integrity of the(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA.This decreases the microhardness of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings.Moreover,the relative content of Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3,and Nb2O5 in the surface passive film of the coating decreases with increasing energy density,causing corrosion resistance to decrease.This study demonstrates the controllability of a high-performance HEA coating using laser cladding technology,which has significance for the laser cladding preparation of other CoCrFeNi-system HEA coatings.