阶次自适应AR等效电路模型的锂电池SOC滑模观测

基于等效电路模型的一类车载动力电池剩余荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)的估算方法，其估算精度高度依赖于模型精度，模型精度又正比于模型复杂度，以至于难以较好地应用于嵌入式控制单元.提出复杂度相对较低、能够自适应确定最优模型阶次的全新等效电路模型——基于阶次自适应AR模型的车载动力电池等效电路灰箱模型.基于此灰箱模型，给出锂离子电池SOC的滑模观测器设计推导及能观性、收敛性证明.结果表明，本文提出的基于阶次自适应AR等效电路灰箱模型的滑模观测器SOC估算方法(adaptive autoregressive-sliding mode observer，AAR-SMO)具有低模型复杂度、高精度、强鲁棒性及快速收敛等性能.     

基于地震损伤次生火灾概率研究

地震的发生会破坏原有的自然平衡和社会稳定,易引起一系列二次破坏,这种破坏在空间上和时间上可能比地震本身更具危害性.其中,火灾是建筑物主要面临的地震次生灾害之一.云南大学新校区地处昆明市呈贡区,位于小江断裂带和普渡河断裂带之间,属地震多发区,且学校内部建有化学实验室和食堂,地震发生后极易引发次生火灾.为了研究校园区域地震次生火灾的发生率,通过MATLAB程序调用SAP2000对一幢RC框架结构进行非线性时程分析,基于Park-Ang双参数损伤模型求解结构在不同强度等级地震作用下的损伤D值,并结合实地调研构建适用于不同使用功能建筑的次生火灾起火概率模型,为云南大学震后火灾救援工作和基于性能的抗震防火设计提供参考.     

金属有机骨架衍生双金属氧化物的锂离性能

通过一步微波法设计合成了含有 Co 和 Zn 的双金属有机骨架结构, 并在氧气氛围下 500 ${^\circ}$C 煅烧衍生获得由纳米粒子组装的 Co-Zn-O 双金属氧化物微米棒材料. 衍生材料延承了双金属有机骨架前驱体的微米棒形貌和多孔特性, 具有两种不同的金属组分之间的协同储锂作用. Co-Zn-O 双金属氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料时展现了较高的比容量与循环稳定性, 经过 100 圈的充放电循环后, 比容量保持在 1 137 mA$\cdot$h$\cdot$g-1.     

林火干扰对广东马尾松林土壤有机碳密度及其活性有机碳的影响

【目的】森林在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。林火干扰是全球生物地球化学循环的关键驱动因子,影响植被结构变化及森林演替方向,从而对森林生态系统土壤有机碳密度及碳周转产生重要作用,进而影响森林碳循环与碳平衡。笔者定量研究林火干扰对森林生态系统土壤有机碳密度及其活性有机碳的影响,科学阐明林火干扰对森林生态系统土壤有机碳的影响机制,为火烧迹地恢复与森林碳减排增汇提供参考。【方法】以广东省佛冈马尾松林为研究对象,采用相邻样地比较法、化学分析法,在森林生态系统水平上,定量测定不同林火干扰强度对土壤有机碳密度、土壤活性有机碳含量和细根生物量的影响,对林火干扰后土壤有机碳密度的变化进行定量研究,探讨林火干扰对土壤有机碳密度以及活性有机碳的影响机制,深入分析森林生态系统土壤有机碳的循环与分配过程。【结果】林火干扰对马尾松林的土壤有机碳密度、活性有机碳含量和细根生物量均有影响,不同林火干扰强度下土壤有机碳密度与土壤活性有机碳含量变化趋势均表现为对照>轻度林火干扰>中度林火干扰>重度林火干扰。轻度林火干扰对土壤有机碳密度的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),而中度和重度林火干扰则显著降低土壤有机碳密度(P<0.05)。林火干扰的马尾松林土壤细根生物量均低于对照样地,变化趋势为重度林火干扰>中度林火干扰>轻度林火干扰,轻度林火干扰只显著降低土壤表层细根生物量(P<0.05),而中度和重度林火干扰显著降低了土壤表层和浅层细根生物量(P<0.05)。【结论】林火干扰减小了土壤有机碳密度,减少幅度随土壤剖面深度增加而逐渐变小。轻度林火干扰仅显著降低了表层土壤有机碳密度,而中度和重度林火干扰显著降低了土壤表层和浅层土壤有机碳密度,进而导致土壤有机碳密度显著变化。林火干扰对土壤活性有机碳含量产生了影响。林火干扰后马尾松林4种土壤活性有机碳含量均呈下降趋势,但仅中度和重度林火干扰差异显著。活性有机碳含量各组分随林火干扰强度增加沿土壤剖面递减的幅度呈现一定差异,重度林火干扰后的递减趋势最强。此外,林火干扰还降低了马尾松林土壤细根生物量。     

Linear and non-linear pseudocapacitances with or without diffusion control

Pseudocapacitance is an important reversible charge storage mechanism in many electrode materials. Although the concept was first proposed in early 1960s, it has been more widely studied following the observation of rectangular cyclic voltammograms (CVs) when testing some transition metal oxides and electronically conducting polymers, and the association with supercapacitor. However, interpretation of pseudocapacitance is inconsistent in the literature. Although all agree that materials are pseudocapacitive if they undergo Faradaic reactions and exhibit rectangular CVs, some have regarded any surface confined Faradaic reactions which may present non-rectangular or even peak-shaped CVs to be pseudocapacitive. In the case of rectangular CVs, the amount of charge stored in the electrode is a linear function of the electrode potential, whilst for non-rectangular or peak-shaped CVs, the relationship is non-linear. It is shown in this article that only linear pseudocapacitance is of relevance to supercapacitor, but non-linear pseudocapacitance may find applications in rechargeable battery and supercapattery. Further, it is clarified that the equation i ​= ​k₁v ​+ ​k₂v^1/2 is useful in analysis of electrode kinetics in terms of surface confinement and diffusion control. However, this kinetic equation is blind to the thermodynamically determined charge storage mechanisms as shown by experimental evidence, and should not be used to differentiate non-capacitive Faradaic processes from pseudocapacitance, either linear or non-linear.     

Layered carbon-based pseudocapacitive materials for lithium/sodium-ion capacitor with high energy-power densities and long cycle life

Hybrid ion capacitors that combined high-power density of supercapacitor and high-energy density of battery are drawing attention to insufficient power densities of currently-used lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Two kinds of layered carbon-based pseudocapacitive materials were used as both anode and cathode for lithium/sodium ion capacitors(LICs/NICs) with balanced energy/power properties.As-assembled NIC and LIC could deliver the energy densities of 125.7 Wh kg~(-1)and 119.6 Wh kg~(-1) at the power density of 7941.2 W kg~(-1) and 8823.5 W kg~(-1),respectively.The electrochemical properties of NICs were better than that of LICs when the current density was below 4 A g ~(-1) although the working voltage of LIC is higher than that of NICs,and the size of Na ~(-1) is larger than that of Li~+.Using an instantaneous potential technique,it is found that the increase of the capacity for anode material in low potential region will effectively enhance the electrochemical performance for the full device.     

Hollow bismuth ferrite combined graphene as advanced anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Hollow bismuth ferrite nanofibers were fabricated via simple electrospinning process,and the storage properties of Na-ions were investigated by atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectrum(APXPS) and Synchrotron Radiation.The results show that the hollow bismuth ferrite nanotubes demonstrate impressive sodium storage properties and good cycling stability that the specific capacity can exceed 500 mA h g~(-1) and the cycle number reaches several hundred cycles.The graphene-coated bismuth ferrite nanotubes exhibit a specific capacity of600 mAhg~(-1)and a 89% capacity retention after 200 cycles.The present strategy can be a significant step to fabricate hollow perovskite oxides and serve as sodium ion batteries.     

物联网环境下的指挥车智能防火系统

针对指挥车内部火情报警和智能处理的问题，研究了物联网环境下的指挥车智能防火系统，研究包括：智能防火系统模型的构建，火焰报警信号的检测，火焰报警信号的智能识别和处理策略，指令数据的网络通信以及编码和解码规则。硬件以STM32为处理核心，采用红紫复合传感器和烟雾传感器采集特征信号，构建BP神经网络算法模型对特征信号进行识别，通过专家智能控制方式进行处理，提出了一种物联网环境下的指挥车内部智能防火方法。通过实验结果表明，该系统能够在无人状态下，对指挥车内部的火焰信号进行智能检测并做出防火处理。     

改进蚱蜢算法在电动汽车充换电站调度中的应用

电动汽车充换电站调度优化问题一般采用群智能优化算法求解，但现有算法存在陷入局部最优、早熟收敛等缺陷，因此提出一种改进的蚱蜢算法:采用边界反弹机制，提高算法效率;引入正余弦搜索机制，加强算法的全局搜索能力;采用Lévy飞行对粒子进行随机扰动，防止种群陷入局部最优;采用非线性收敛策略加快算法后期的收敛速度.实验结果表明，该算法在电动汽车充换电站调度优化问题上，性能优于原始蚱蜢算法以及其他现有群智能算法.     

由羟基磷酸铁制备的磷酸铁锂用于锂离子电池正极材料的性能研究

为了实现废物循环利用及节能减排,以磷化工副产物磷铁废渣、磷酸、过氧化氢为原料合成了羟基磷酸铁进而制备了磷酸铁锂,并采用多种测试方法对产物进行了分析.实验结果表明,当磷酸/过氧化氢配比为1.2/1时合成的羟基磷酸铁的结晶度最好,由其制备的磷酸铁锂首次放电容量可达151.6 m Ah/g,库仑效率达93%.同时,实验过程实现了零污染、低成本,为磷酸铁锂正极材料制备提供了新方向.