健康城市视角下应对突发公共事件的城市设计策略

 结合中国城市应对新冠肺炎疫情的成功经验及缺憾，以创造健康、宜居、韧性、生态的城市环境为目标，设计“区域-系统-节点”三类健康城市设计路径；提出“生态健康-生活健康-治愈健康-环境健康-设施健康-救治健康”六位一体应对突发公共事件的城市设计策略，并细化为健康城市在城市空间上的形象化设计表达。     

孕早期睡眠时长与午睡频次对妊娠糖尿病的影响

目的探讨孕早期睡眠时长和午睡频次对妊娠糖尿病(GDM)的影响。方法采用病例对照研究设计,选取2018年4月至2019年5月在安徽省妇幼保健院、吉安市妇幼保健院产检的孕妇作为研究对象。通过问卷调查收集研究对象的睡眠和午睡等信息,GDM的诊断来自孕中期常规口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果。结果共纳入500名研究对象,其中病例组196人,对照组304人。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,与睡眠时长7～8.9 h/晚相比,睡眠7、9～9.9、≥10 h/晚的孕妇发生GDM的风险均显著上升;与午睡频次≤5 d/周相比,5 d/周的孕妇发生GDM的风险更高。相比孕早期午睡频率≤5 d/周的孕妇,孕早期睡眠时长不足(7 h/晚)对GDM的影响在午睡频率5 d/周的孕妇中更弱,交互作用具有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论孕早期睡眠时长、午睡频次均与GDM发病相关,且二者在GDM的发生中存在交互作用。     

The coconut pathosystem: weed hosts of nymphs of the American palm Cixiid Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)

Lethal yellowing (LY) of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) is a disease of economic importance that is caused by the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae’ and is transmitted by the planthopper Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). This study explores the weeds used by H. crudus nymphs and other Cixiidae in a coconut pathosystem in southern Mexico. Nymphs were collected directly from the root system of each weed by hand or with the help of a vacuum after carefully opening the culm. This study included 11 species of weeds: nine Poaceae [Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, B. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick, B. mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv., Leersia hexandra Sw., Panicum laxum Sw., P. maximum Jacq., Paspalum notatum Flüggé]; one Cyperaceae [Cyperus ligularis L.], and one Portulacaceae: [Portulaca pilosa L.]. Brachiaria mutica, E. petraea, B. humidicola, P. maximum were identified as the principal host species for H. crudus nymphs. Brachiaria decumbens, D. abyssinica, and C. ligularis are new host records for the nymphs of H. crudus. Additionally, it was found that H. crudus may coexist with its cogeners H. skarphion Kramer (Cixiidae) and H. caldwelli Kramer (Cixiidae), on B. mutica. On C. ligularis, H. crudus may coexist with Oecleus snowi Ball (Cixiidae) nymphs. These results suggest that in the coconut pathosystem there is a complex of multitrophic interactions that should be considered in integrated management of LY.     

磁流变液中磁性颗粒成链与团聚的临界特征分析

热运动对纳米级磁流变液系统的颗粒团聚行为和宏观流变特性扰动影响不可忽视.为研究施加外磁场后系统微结构与热运动间的关系，探讨在不同颗粒粒径情况下热运动能量在系统总能量中的占比.采用CCD设计方法，分析Monte Carlo仿真获取的颗粒位形信息，生成关于外磁场磁感应强度、颗粒粒径和体积分数的系统热耦合系数<λ>回归模型;成链团聚的临界颗粒粒径计算值比文献经验值高出约23%，证实在考虑系统内多因素的综合影响下，纳米级磁流变液具有更严格的流变现象临界发生条件.     

重卡驱动桥壳疲劳稳健性与轻量化设计

驱动桥壳轻量化设计对于提高承载能力、降低生产成本具有重要的意义.本文在驱动桥壳有限元分析和疲劳分析计算的基础上建立驱动桥壳多目标优化模型，对重型卡车驱动桥壳进行参数化设计，建立正交试验表，利用田口方法和综合评价方法对驱动桥壳的疲劳性能稳健性和质量进行优化设计.优化结果表明，此方法可以应用于驱动桥壳的多目标优化，优化后驱动桥壳的疲劳稳健性能得到提高，减轻了质量，因此节约了桥壳材料，降低了生产和运营成本，提高了设计水平.     

基于RFID阵列的无轨AGV系统的研究与设计

为改进有轨自动导航小车(AGV)的不足,研究一种基于RFID阵列的无轨AGV系统。该系统包括RFID阵列地板、无线通信网络、上位机、运行场地地图、小车运行控制系统;AGV安装若干RFID读卡器,运行在RFID阵列地板上,运行时通过读取地板下RFID电子标签的ID号,并通过无线通信网络发送到上位机;上位机构建和存储RFID阵列地板地图,上机位将接收到的ID号与存储的地图进行对照,计算出小车当前的位置的运行姿态,依据预设的运行路径生成AGV当前的控制指令并通过无线网络发送小车,控制小车的运行。系统通过利用RFID与地图实现定位,上位机生成控制指令的方式,实现AGV无轨运行。验证测试结果表明,AGV在预设运行路径上行驶,平均定位精度5cm,实用性好,稳定性高。     

中国现代公园声景研究进展

由于兼具人文性和自然性,现代公园越来越成为人们回归自然、放松心态的绝佳场所,其声环境的质量成为实现公园潜在功能的重要保障,中国现代公园声景的研究内容大致表现为对不同类型公园自身声景的研究及其与周边环境影响关系的研究。从公园声景研究中的三个运用阶段对常用的研究方法进行归纳,总结了各自的利弊,并分别以森林、水和人为公园主体的声景进行归纳,凝练出各类公园的声景特征,指出中国现代公园声景构成不良和人声互动不足的问题,对目前公园声景设计中采取的策略进行总结,就此提出相应的优化措施,以一种可持续的声景发展理念为以后相关研究提供指引。     

某岩质陡崖边坡崩塌地质灾害成因及治理设计分析

以某岩质陡崖边坡崩塌地质灾害治理工程项目为依托,对崩塌地质灾害形成的主要诱发因素,如地形条件、地层岩性、降雨以及人类活动等进行了比较详细的介绍,为事故原因的定性提供相关依据。同时,针对现场实际情况及边坡稳定性分析结果提出一系列治理措施,为今后的具体工程实践提供相关理论依据及技术参考。     

Haversian bone-mimicking bioceramic scaffolds enhancing MSC-macrophage osteo-imunomodulation

The interaction between immune cells and bone forming cells plays a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the skeletal system, and is regulated by the three-dimensional structure of tissues. Whether the construction of biomaterials can activate or reproduce this spatial “cross-talk” between immune cells and bone forming cells in bone natural formation process is a prerequisite for successful fracture healing and bone regeneration. Herein, a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/macrophages-laden Haversian bone-mimicking bioceramic scaffold was successfully prepared through the biomimetic design of biomaterials and 3D printing technology. MSCs and macrophages were respectively distributed in the cancellous bone and Haversian canals of the scaffold to simulate the three-dimensional structure regulation of the cell spatial distribution and multiple intercellular interaction in natural bone tissue, and worked in concert to modulate the scaffold material-mediated osteo-immune microenvironment. The in vitro study revealed that the pro-inflammatory response of macrophages was more significantly inhibited when distributed with MSCs in the scaffolds at a cell ratio of 0.5:1 for co-culture, in comparison with multicellular culture at other ratios and unicellular culture. Meanwhile, MSCs exhibited the relatively high osteogenic potential, most likely via the activation of certain key signaling pathways mediated by macrophages-derived paracrine signaling mediators (OSM, BMP-2, and WNT10b). This work not only establishes a bionic platform for the regulation of multicellular osteo-immune response and regeneration but also offers a promising tissue-engineered biomimetic scaffold with improved immunomodulatory function for promoting bone tissue regeneration.     

海洋放射性现场探测谱仪的机械优化设计

为提高海洋放射性现场探测NaI(Tl)谱仪的探测性能，采用蒙特卡罗仿真和统计计算方法，研究和分析谱仪封装、材料和尺寸等机械设计对探测性能的影响规律。综合考虑伽马射线衰减和密封、耐压及耐腐蚀等要求，开展谱仪的机械优化设计和海上现场检测实验。优化谱仪达到了对40K最小探测活度约0.30 Bq/L，现场测量相对误差为0.45%。该研究对海洋放射性现场探测谱仪的性能优化设计和现场应用具有重要的指导意义。