含水率对非饱和砂土力学特性影响的试验研究

使用WF循环单剪试验系统,对不同法向应力、不同含水率的非饱和砂土在单向剪切作用下的力学特性进行了系统的试验研究.砂土含水率为5.4%~25.4%,法向应力为25~300kPa,主要考察含水率、法向应力对非饱和砂土力学特性的影响规律.试验结果表明:存在一个临界含水率,当非饱和砂土含水率大于该临界含水率时,其剪切应力-剪切位移关系将由双曲线函数变为双折线函数.当非饱和砂土含水率小于临界含水率时,非饱和砂土的抗剪强度随含水率增大变化幅度较小.当含水率高于该点后,抗剪强度随含水率增大急剧降低.含水率对土的黏聚力、内摩擦角、剪胀性等力学特性具有重要影响.     

两种边界条件下非饱和土一维固结特性分析

针对工程中存在的表面排气不排水、底面不渗透及表面排水不排气、底面不渗透两种边界条件下的非饱和土层进行一维固结特性研究.基于Fredlund非饱和土一维固结理论,对其固结方程作适当假定,由得到的液相及气相控制方程、Darcy定律及Fick定律,经Laplace变换和Cayley-Hamilton定理构造顶面状态向量与任意深度处状态向量间的传递关系.通过引入边界条件,得到Laplace变换域内的超孔隙水压力、超孔隙气压力及土层沉降的解.采用Crump方法编制程序实现Laplace逆转换,得到时间域内的超孔隙水压力、超孔隙气压力、土层沉降的半解析解.采用典型算例,分析在不同气相与液相渗透系数比情况下,土体超孔隙水压力、超孔隙气压力随时间的变化规律,结果对非饱和土体一维固结特性研究具有参考价值.     

Volume change behavior of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions

With the development of modern geotechnical engineering practices such as the construction of high level radioactive waste repositories, exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources, energy-saving buildings and underground storage of CO 2 , research into the influence of temperature on the basic mechanical properties of unsaturated soils has become an important issue internationally. By using the work expression and considering the influence of temperature on the basic properties of unsaturated soils, the average soil skeleton stress, modified suction and temperature were selected as state variables of generalized forces in thermodynamics and the soil skeleton strain, saturation and entropy were chosen as state variables of generalized flows conjugate to the variables of generalized forces. Based on the nonlinear multi-field coupled model and by using existing experimental results, an elastic-plastic constitutive model of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions was developed to analyze the influence of temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils. The model was used to predict and analyze the influence of suction and temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils under isotropic conditions, and was successfully verified using experimental results.     

Constitutive modeling for unsaturated soils considering gas hardening effect

The influence of gases on unsaturated soils is discussed in the paper.First,the selection of stress state variables is discussed.It is shown that gas pressure as well as generalized effective stress and modified suction are required to construct a constitutive model of an unsaturated soil.The deformation mechanisms of solid,liquid and gas phases in soils are then investigated.It is realized that the deformation of gas phase interacts with the deformations of the other two phases in soils.Gas laws are used to describe the gas behavior.Similar to the other two phases in soil,the change of gas volume can be divided into an elastic part and a plastic part, and the latter part is then introduced to the soil hardening equation to reflect the impact of the gas on the soil.Then,a simple elasto-plastic model considering the gas effect for isotropic states is developed.Finally,the model predictions are given and compared with existing experimental data.A good agreement between them is found.Comparisons of the predictions between our model and Wheeler’s model are also performed.     

污染物在二层非饱和土中运移过程综合分析

假设填埋场下部为具有压实黏土衬里（CCL）、下卧土层及含水层的三层结构体系,基于Richards方程,在稳态渗流下,得到了CCL与下卧土层体积含水率的解析解.依据污染物在多孔介质中运移机制,建立了污染物在包含两层非饱和土层的三层结构体系中运移的一维计算模型.在计算模型中分别考虑了CCL的非线性吸附特性、污染物运移过程中的生物降解特性、垃圾的生物降解特性等.采用所建立的数学模型,对某一假想填埋场进行了具体计算,通过变动参数计算与分析,探讨了各种因素对污染物运移的影响.计算结果表明,非饱和土层的吸附与生物降解可显著影响污染物运移,特别是CCL的吸附与生物降解特性影响更为显著,为污染物运移的控制因素.非饱和土的体积含水率较大时,含水率变化对污染物运移影响较小.     

不饱和类锗烯H_2CGeLiBr的理论研究

采用DFTB3LYP和QCISD方法研究了不饱和类锗烯H2C=GeLiBr的结构及异构化反应．结果表明，不饱和类锗烯H2C=GeLiBr有3种平衡构型，其中非平面的p-配合物型构型能量最低，是其存在的主要构型．对平衡构型间异构化反应的过渡态进行了计算，求得了转化势垒；计算模拟了最稳定构型的红外光谱．     

非饱和均质砂土边坡降雨入渗和稳定性分析

为了研究降雨入渗诱发滑坡的机制,通过选取典型的土性参数,利用有限元法使用软件SEEP/W对均质砂土边坡进行饱和一非饱和渗流分析,模拟边坡降雨入渗的全过程,得到降雨入渗过程的入渗量、浸润深度和含水率的瞬态分布,再利用Bishop法使用软件SLOPE/W进行边坡稳定性分析,搜索并计算最危险滑动面,得到该类型边坡的瞬态安全系数.     

多层土质边坡入渗的水流方向演变机理

为研究多层土边坡内入渗雨水方向演变规律,建立均质和多层土质边坡模型,依据VG模型的多土层边坡含水率与基质吸力的控制方程,结合饱和区成形,研究了入渗雨水方向的时空演变特征及影响因素,以及水流方向与有效应力的联系.分析表明:水平方向的基质吸力差决定了水流方向,基质吸力沿水平方向的变化率决定了水流水平方向增速;饱和区成形是垂直流产生的必要条件;降雨停止坡面浅层0~1.3m内迅速产生下坡向水流,深层下坡向水流产生滞后;渗透性差异大的土层交界面上极易产生剧烈的水平渗流;上坡向水流的产生伴随着有效应力降低.     

反应型阻燃剂合成及在不饱和树脂中的应用

以对苯二酚为原料合成了四溴对苯二酚二羟乙基醚(TBHQD)，并对反应条件进行了探索。利用核磁共振(NMR)，质谱(MS)确证了其结构。以其为单体合成了6种不饱和树脂，并且对这些树脂进行了热机械性能的测定，氧指数测定及热分析。     

降雨入渗对锚杆加固多级边坡稳定性分析

降雨入渗对多级锚杆支护边坡稳定性的影响尚不清晰,基于非饱和土渗流-应力耦合理论,采用Geo-studio软件建立了降雨入渗锚杆加固多级边坡的流固耦合有限元分析模型,研究不同降雨持时、雨强时锚杆加固多级边坡的渗流、应力、变形场稳定性变化规律,以及锚杆受力特性。研究表明：随着雨强和持时的增大,锚杆轴力及坡面位移均增大,边坡安全系数降低;第三级边坡的锚杆轴力提升幅度最大;同一级边坡内,坡脚处的锚杆轴力值大于坡顶处锚杆力。