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1.
 角膜的光学功能与其形态结构紧密相联,角膜形态的异常可导致近视、远视、圆锥角膜等眼部疾病。细致研究角膜的力学特性,建立有临床用途的生物力学模型已成为一个重要研究领域。本文以首都医科大学眼生物力学研究团队的研究工作为基础,综述在角膜力学特性研究中的实验测试方法和本构参数获取方法等方面的进展。  相似文献   
2.
The paper proposes a simulation‐based approach to multistep probabilistic forecasting, applied for predicting the probability and duration of negative inflation. The essence of this approach is in counting runs simulated from a multivariate distribution representing the probabilistic forecasts, which enters the negative inflation regime. The marginal distributions of forecasts are estimated using the series of past forecast errors, and the joint distribution is obtained by a multivariate copula approach. This technique is applied for estimating the probability of negative inflation in China and its expected duration, with the marginal distributions computed by fitting weighted skew‐normal and two‐piece normal distributions to autoregressive moving average ex post forecast errors and using the multivariate Student t copula.  相似文献   
3.
This paper investigates robust model rankings in out‐of‐sample, short‐horizon forecasting. We provide strong evidence that rolling window averaging consistently produces robust model rankings while improving the forecasting performance of both individual models and model averaging. The rolling window averaging outperforms the (ex post) “optimal” window forecasts in more than 50% of the times across all rolling windows.  相似文献   
4.
陈磊  徐聿枫  李丽娟 《科技促进发展》2021,17(11):1932-1942
我国经济增长在遭遇前所未有的疫情冲击后进入为期一年的超常快速扩张期,并于2021年2月形成扩张高峰,此后转入经济周期收缩阶段。2020年11月至2021年7月经济运行已恢复至“正常”景气区间,但需求端的恢复弱于供给端。2021年3季度的综合警情指数明显下滑,发出“偏冷”预警信号,且4季度可能继续下行,但物价总体保持稳定。预计全年GDP增长8.1%左右(两年平均增长5.2%左右),全年CPI上涨0.9%左右。建议宏观调控应做好跨周期设计,注意处理好稳增长、防风险和节能环保的关系,提高疫情应对的精准性,适度加大稳增长力度,努力保持经济在合理区间的平稳运行。  相似文献   
5.
降落伞充气展开过程是一个典型时变非线性流构耦合问题,大多研究所建立的数值计算模型未考虑织物透气性和初始投放速度的影响.为修正模型,基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉(arbitrary Lagrange-Euler,ALE)方法和动网格技术,考虑织物透气性并预设初始投放速度,建立了降落伞充气展开的有限元模型.计算了充气过程中,有限质量情况下C-9伞的开伞力,并与实验数据对比,验证了该模型的正确性与合理性.随后分析了其开伞过程中伞衣应力分布特征与气动减速特性,为降落伞数值建模和结构设计提供一定参考.  相似文献   
6.
Neural networks (NNs) are appropriate to use in time series analysis under conditions of unfulfilled assumptions, i.e., non‐normality and nonlinearity. The aim of this paper is to propose means of addressing identified shortcomings with the objective of identifying the NN structure for inflation forecasting. The research is based on a theoretical model that includes the characteristics of demand‐pull and cost‐push inflation; i.e., it uses the labor market, financial and external factors, and lagged inflation variables. It is conducted at the aggregate level of euro area countries from January 1999 to January 2017. Based on the estimated 90 feedforward NNs (FNNs) and 450 Jordan NNs (JNNs), which differ in variable parameters (number of iterations, learning rate, initial weight value intervals, number of hidden neurons, and weight value of the context unit), the mean square error (MSE), and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) are calculated for two periods: in‐the‐sample and out‐of‐sample. Ranking NNs simultaneously on both periods according to either MSE or AIC does not lead to the selection of the ‘best’ NN because the optimal NN in‐the‐sample, based on MSE and/or AIC criteria, often has high out‐of‐sample values of both indicators. To achieve the best compromise solution, i.e., to select an optimal NN, the preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE) is used. Comparing the optimal FNN and JNN, i.e., FNN(4,5,1) and JNN(4,3,1), it is concluded that under approximately equal conditions, fewer hidden layer neurons are required in JNN than in FNN, confirming that JNN is parsimonious compared to FNN. Moreover, JNN has a better forecasting performance than FNN.  相似文献   
7.
This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of 10 measures of core inflation and evaluates which measure produces the best forecast of headline inflation out‐of‐sample. We use the Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index as our measure of inflation. We use two sets of components (17 and 50) of the Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index to construct these core inflation measures and evaluate these measures at the three time horizons (6, 12 and 24 months) most relevant for monetary policy decisions. The best measure of core inflation for both sets of components and over all time horizons uses weights based on the first principal component of the disaggregated (component‐level) prices. Interestingly, the results vary by the number of components used; when more components are used the weights based on the persistence of each component is statistically equivalent to the weights generated by the first principal component. However, those forecasts using the persistence of 50 components are statistically worse than those generated using the first principal component of 17 components. The statistical superiority of the principal component method is due to the fact that it extracts (in the first principal component) the common source of variation in the component level prices that accurately describes trend inflation over the next 6–24 months.  相似文献   
8.
主要研究了通胀环境下带有红利和最低收益保障的确定缴费(DC)型养老金计划的最优投资问题.首先,应用伊藤公式得到通胀折现后的真实财富过程;然后,在DC型养老金计划终端财富内部保障约束下,即终端财富始终超过最低收益保障,考虑通胀环境下的退休时刻终端财富期望效用最大化问题,应用HJB方程推导得到了退休前任意时刻DC型养老金计划最优投资策略的显式解;最后给出算例,分析了不同参数对最优投资策略的影响,为DC型养老金计划投资者提供更有效的策略.  相似文献   
9.
We develop a semi‐structural model for forecasting inflation in the UK in which the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) is augmented with a time series model for marginal cost. By combining structural and time series elements we hope to reap the benefits of both approaches, namely the relatively better forecasting performance of time series models in the short run and a theory‐consistent economic interpretation of the forecast coming from the structural model. In our model we consider the hybrid version of the NKPC and use an open‐economy measure of marginal cost. The results suggest that our semi‐structural model performs better than a random‐walk forecast and most of the competing models (conventional time series models and strictly structural models) only in the short run (one quarter ahead) but it is outperformed by some of the competing models at medium and long forecast horizons (four and eight quarters ahead). In addition, the open‐economy specification of our semi‐structural model delivers more accurate forecasts than its closed‐economy alternative at all horizons. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
10.
首先建立了带随机利率、通货膨胀率和干扰项的双险种风险模型,对保费收取和理赔次数都是随机变量的情况,最后得到破产概率的一般表达式。  相似文献   
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