架空地线电磁感应电流计算与仿真分析

对架空地线电磁感应电流产生的机理进行分析,利用ATP-EMTP上搭建不同电压等级的架空线路模型,并计算光纤复合架空地线(Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire, OPGW)上的电磁感应电流,分析了影响OPGW上感应电流大小的因素,为实测及利用此感应电流进行感应取电提供参考依据.     

空间同位素热源故障再入极端环境条件分析

空间核动力源是支撑人类探索宇宙空间的关键技术,但安全问题始终是空间核动力源设计和应用的重要部分。文章以我国未来月球探测任务为背景,针对可能发生的典型的事故场景,建立三自由度动力学模型,并引入基于化学非平衡方程、完全气体方程的计算流体力学方法,开展空间同位素热源故障再入情况下的极端环境条件分析,分析空间同位素热源故障再入情况下气动力/热环境、海平面高度飞行速度和弹道倾角等极端环境条件。研究结果表明：同位素热源阻力系数为1.6左右,无量纲纵向压心系数约为0.5,再入过程0攻角驻点热流密度峰值约为8.1 MW/m²,总加热量约为101.55 MJ/m²；从80 km开始经178.3 s到达海平面高度,此时同位素热源的飞行速度为86.5 m/s,弹道倾角为-89.9°。     

高次模碳纤维微波加热装置的设计与实验

为了使T300碳纤维达到微波石墨化的反应温度,需要对其进行微波加热实验。设计了一种基于TM_(110)高次横磁波模式的碳纤维微波加热装置,该装置是一种圆柱形谐振腔,腔体两侧分别存在一个轴向电场最大值区域,理论上可以同时加热多束碳纤维。为了保证碳纤维的加热效率,在设计时需要同时兼顾腔体的谐振频率和阻抗匹配特性。使用仿真软件优化了耦合点的具体位置,并对优化后的圆柱形谐振腔进行了多物理场的耦合仿真。仿真结果表明:出口处碳纤维的表面温度最高,且靠近耦合点的左侧碳纤维温度高于右侧。实验结果与仿真结果较为吻合,验证了碳纤维微波加热的可行性和装置的有效性。     

基于生物质气化湿式净化装置防冻技术模拟研究

提出一种利用生物质气化装置加热空气对净化间采暖的方法,按传热学基本理论进行建模,推导出计算盘管出口空气温度的线性方程及计算采暖后净化间温度的非线性方程.以某生物质气化站数据为例计算盘管内径为0.08,0.10,0.12 m时满足采暖要求所需盘管长度及风速,验证了该方法的可行性.利用软件Origin对计算得出的净化间温度值进行线性拟合,求出了净化间温度与风速之间的对数函数关系式.确定了风速的设定范围,并对比了采暖能耗与采暖产热量.相比于传统的电暖气,可降低能耗95%以上.     

园区供热管网泄漏工况建模及分析

为提高供热系统的安全性及故障诊断系统的准确性，依据图论理论对某园区供热管网泄漏工况进行水力特性建模，并通过管网能量平衡方程求解不同工况下的用户室内温度.分析了不同泄漏工况对供热管网水力工况和热力工况的影响.研究结果表明:供热管网中任意点发生泄漏故障均会对系统水力特性产生影响，并且泄漏点距离循环水泵越近对供热系统管段流量影响越大；供热管网水力特性的变化将会对热力特性产生耦合影响.本研究可为供热管网泄漏事故预判及故障诊断等提供参考依据.     

The material theory of induction and the epistemology of thought experiments

John D. Norton is responsible for a number of influential views in contemporary philosophy of science. This paper will discuss two of them. The material theory of induction claims that inductive arguments are ultimately justified by their material features, not their formal features. Thus, while a deductive argument can be valid irrespective of the content of the propositions that make up the argument, an inductive argument about, say, apples, will be justified (or not) depending on facts about apples. The argument view of thought experiments claims that thought experiments are arguments, and that they function epistemically however arguments do. These two views have generated a great deal of discussion, although there hasn't been much written about their combination. I argue that despite some interesting harmonies, there is a serious tension between them. I consider several options for easing this tension, before suggesting a set of changes to the argument view that I take to be consistent with Norton's fundamental philosophical commitments, and which retain what seems intuitively correct about the argument view. These changes require that we move away from a unitary epistemology of thought experiments and towards a more pluralist position.     

Epistemic benefits of the material theory of induction

C. D. Broad famously labelled the problem of providing our inductive practices with a proper justification “the scandal of philosophy” (Broad, 1952). Recently, John Norton has provided a dissolution of this problem (2014). According to Norton, inductive inference is grounded in particular facts obtaining within particular domains (J. Norton, 2003b, 2010, 2014). Because the material theory does not involve a universal schema of induction, Norton claims it dissolves the problem of induction (which implies that such universal schemas cannot be justified).In this paper, I critically evaluate Norton's dissolution. In particular, I argue that the problem of induction is an epistemological problem, that Norton's material theory entails an externalist epistemology, and that it is a common feature of such epistemologies that they dissolve the problem of induction. The upshot is that the material theory is not unique in its ability to reap the specifically epistemic benefits of dissolving the problem of induction, and thus that the epistemic advantages of the material theory over extant alternatives in this regard are fewer than it may appear at first sight.     

否定证据加速类别归纳证据积累并降低反应标准

最近的研究揭示否定证据促进了基于类别的归纳力度判断,但忽略了增加否定证据时,归纳反应时和判断标准的变化,为验证该结论,分别在具体结论(实验1)和一般结论(实验2)2种结论类型下采用2(前提:基线、增加否定证据)×2(结论:一致、不一致)被试内设计,观察增加否定证据对结论判断力度、反应时和判断标准的影响.研究发现增加否定证据提高了归纳力度;同时,进一步发现无论是具体结论还是一般结论条件下,增加否定证据均缩短了结论判断的反应时并降低了判断标准,为线性弹道积累模型提供了证据支持.     

一种利用微波炉加热快速提取细菌DNA用于PCR扩增的方法

利用微波加热原理,探索一种快速、简单、高效提取细菌DNA用于常规PCR快速检测的方法。在微波炉额定功率800 W条件下分别对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特氏菌、副溶血弧菌、沙门氏菌以及志贺氏菌6种常见食源性病原菌进行微波处理,离心取上清,获取细菌DNA,将样本DNA进行PCR扩增及琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行验证。并进一步采用微波加热方法针对6种病原菌最低检出浓度和混合提取6种病原菌DNA的PCR检测进行分析。6种病原菌在微波炉中加热40-130 s的上清DNA样本均能用于常规PCR扩增。针对检出浓度的分析表明,副溶血弧菌的最低检出浓度为103 cfu/ml,金黄色葡萄球菌为104 cfu/ml,肠出血性大肠杆菌为105 cfu/ml,肠炎沙门氏菌和福氏志贺氏菌的最低检出浓度为106 cfu/ml,针对单核细胞增生李斯特氏杆菌的的最低检出浓度为107 cfu/ml。进行6种混合菌微波共提取时,其中5种病原菌的特异性基因都能扩出,并且条带很亮。该微波提取方法具有快速,简单,高效的特点,能满足大部分食源性病原菌的常规PCR检测需求,大大节约了时间和成本,具有广泛的适用性,为细菌快速分子检测提供了简便手段。