阳极修饰对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

利用PW12/rGO复合材料负载于碳布表面制得PW12/rGO修饰阳极并构建单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFC),考察了PW12/rGO修饰阳极对MFC产电和高氯酸盐(ClO4-)还原性能的影响,并通过对阳极表面形态及其电化学特性的分析,探讨了PW12/rGO修饰阳极改善MFC产电性能的机理.结果 表明,当ClO4-浓度为700 mg/L时,PW12/rGO修饰阳极MFC的最大输出电压和ClO4-平均去除速率分别为200.18 mV和1.15 kg/(m3·d),分别是空白阳极MFC的4.4倍和1.06倍;扫描电镜(SEM)表征显示,PW12/rGO修饰阳极表面附着的微生物量远高于空白阳极;Tafel曲线、循环伏安曲线(CV)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试表明,PW12/rGO修饰阳极较空白阳极具有更高的交换电流密度、CV电活性面积以及更低的电荷转移电阻.PW12/rGO修饰阳极提高了阳极电子产量和电子传递速率,进而改善了MFC的产电性能.     

一种改进的基于人体静电冲击模型应力的瞬态功率模型

提出一种改进的基于人体静电冲击模型(Human Body Model, HBM)应力的瞬态功率模型。利用HSPICE仿真软件, 模拟MOS管遭受的HBM应力, 得到对应的等效直流电压。HBM电路的预充电电压与MOS管对应的等效直流电压值的散点图表明, 两者保持线性关系, 并通过拉普拉斯变化得到证明。与现有的瞬态功率模型相比, 改进后的模型降低了在HBM应力作用下的计算复杂度, 可以更加简便地从统计学上预测MOS管栅氧击穿的发生, 给HBM冲击作用下MOS管栅氧化层可靠性的评估提供参考。     

Acyl-chloride functionalized graphene oxide chemically grafted with hindered phenol and its application in anti-degradation of polypropylene

In this study,graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were first functionalized by the acyl-chloride reaction and then reacted with hindered phenol (HP) to obtain HP grafted GO (GO-g-HP).The GO-g-HP prepared under the optimized condition exhibited a high efficiency against both thermal and photo oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP).GO-g-HP exhibited a much better anti-aging efficiency than that of HP and GO used individually or that of their physical mixture.The outstanding anti-aging effect of GO-g-HP was attributed to the excellent synergistic effect produced between the chemically bonded GO and HP,which resulted in an improved oxygen barrier property of GO and excellent utilization of the free radical scavenging capability of GO and HP.Also,thanks to the grafting of HP on GO,the physical loss of HP,which was one of the main shortcomings for traditional small molecular antioxidants,was largely suppressed.It is expected that the GO-g-HP prepared can well meet the requirement of long-term applications of polymers in some harsh service conditions.     

GO/APT复合材料对水中Cd(II)的吸附研究

将氧化石墨烯(GO)与凹凸棒土(APT)通过插层化学的方法制备了氧化石墨烯/凹凸棒土(GO/APT)复合材料,并研究了其对水中Cd(II)的吸附性能,考察了pH值、温度、吸附时间和吸附剂的用量等因素对吸附性能的影响.研究结果表明:制备的GO/APT复合材料具有优异的吸附性能.在温度为298 K、pH值为7、t=24 h条件下,该复合材料对水中Cd(II)的最大吸附量为216.0 mg·g^-1,其吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程、吸附过程可用准1级动力学方程描述.吸附热力学研究表明该吸附过程属于自发吸热过程.与纯GO和APT粉末相比,GO/APT复合材料对水中的Cd(II)的吸附性能更好.     

Effect of Yb2O3 doping on the grain boundary of NiFe2O4–10NiO-based cermets after sintering

xYb2O3–15(20Ni–Cu)/(85?x)(NiFe2O4–10NiO) (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, and 10.0) cermets for aluminum electrolysis were prepared to investigate the effect of Yb2O3 doping on the grain boundary of the cermets after sintering. The results showed that each interface was very clear and that with increasing Yb2O3 content, most of the Yb was evenly distributed at the grain boundary. Moreover, according to the phase composition and microstructural analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), YbFeO3 was produced along the grain boundary. The YbFeO3 was concluded to not only have formed from the interaction between the NiFe2O4 or Fe2O3 component and Yb2O3 at the grain boundary of the cermets, but also from the decomposition of NiFe2O4 into NiO and Fe2O3 and the subsequent reaction of Fe2O3 with Yb2O3. Thus, the pro-duction of YbFeO3 resulted in a cermet with high relative density, good electrical conductivity, and good corrosion resistance.     

New pyrometallurgical process of EAF dust treatment with CaO addition

The non-carbothermic zinc pyrometallurgical processing of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust was investigated on a laboratory scale. The main objective of this process was to convert highly stable zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), which accounts for more than half of total zinc in the EAF dust, into ZnO and Ca2Fe2O5 by CaO addition. The EAF dust was mixed with CaO powder in various ratios, pressed into pellets, and heated in a muffle furnace in air at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100°C for a predetermined holding time. All ZnFe2O4 was transformed into ZnO and Ca2Fe2O5 at a minimum temperature of 900°C within 1 h when sufficient CaO to achieve a Ca/Fe molar ratio of 1.1 was added. However, at higher temperatures, excess CaO beyond the stoichiometric ratio was required because it was consumed by reactions leading to the formation of compounds other than ZnFe2O4. The evaporation of halides and heavy metals in the EAF dust was also studied. These components could be pref-erentially volatilized into the gas phase at 1100°C when CaO was added.     

碘化钾催化CO_2与氧化苯乙烯合成苯乙烯环状碳酸酯条件的优化

用碘化钾催化CO2与氧化苯乙烯(SO)合成苯乙烯环状碳酸酯,分别从溶剂、催化剂用量、温度、CO2压力和反应时间进行探讨,得出了最佳条件.结果表明:以无水乙醇为溶剂,催化剂用量r(KI∶SO)=1∶250,在170℃,CO2压力5 MPa,反应时间5 h,苯乙烯环状碳酸酯的产率和选择性均达到100%.     

硼酸钙/氧化石墨烯复合微粒的制备及摩擦学性能研究

以硼砂、硝酸钙和氧化石墨烯为原料利用水热技术制备硼酸钙/氧化石墨烯复合微粒.利用透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和能谱(EDS)对硼酸钙/氧化石墨烯复合微粒形貌、结构及磨痕表面进行表征.将复合微粒用油酸修饰并添加到液体石蜡中,利用四球摩擦试验机分析其摩擦学性能,结果表明:复合微粒添加剂具有良好的减摩抗磨性能.     

氧化钨纳米棒的制备及其形貌控制

报道了一种利用溶胶-凝胶法和水热法相结合制备纳米氧化钨的新方法.首先在丙醇-四丁基溴化铵-环己烷体系中,由钨酸钠和盐酸反应出发制备凝胶状的钨酸,然后将其置于高压反应釜中200℃下处理12 h即可制得氧化钨纳米棒.使用X-射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物的结构与形貌进行表征.