Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

MEMS惯性高度尺测量精度分析

研究了基于微电子机械系统(micro-electro-mechanical systems,MEMS)的惯性导航系统的短时相对高程测量精度,设计了“惯性高度尺”算法,进行了桌面测高和楼层测高两个验证性实验。分析了不同运动条件和运动时间下“惯性高度尺”的测高精度。基于零速修正技术提出了一种分段测量的方法。实验结果表明,桌面测高可实现毫米级精度(相对误差0.17%),楼层测高可实现多层厘米级和单层毫米级测量精度(相对误差分别为0.22%,0.06%)。测量误差与载体的姿态动态和运动时长成正相关。实验验证了MEMS惯导用于高度测量具有较高可行性,稳定的运动条件和较快的测量时间能够提高测量精度。     

基于负温度系数热敏电阻多通道高精度可穿戴式体温采集系统的设计

体温通常用于筛查传染病、监测治疗.为了确定皮肤表面温度.通过恒压式测温电路测电阻的方法,研究设计了可穿戴式多点体温监测系统,以STM32F103C8T6芯片为核心处理器,负温度系数热敏电阻(negative temperature coefficient,NTC)作为感温元器件,ADS1256芯片为温度信号调理器,蓝牙模块为无线传输单元,用LABVIEW设计上位机界面.热敏电阻及分压电阻构成的恒压式电桥电路进行8路温度数据的采集,24bits超高精度模数转换模块配置差分输入对模拟信号进行放大、滤波以及模数转换;转换后的数据在单片机中处理和运算;最终通过蓝牙将数据传至上位机.采用Stein-hart方程的四阶公式对热敏电阻作线性补偿.从软件和硬件上减少环境干扰和体温分布不均的影响.分析了温传感器的温度测量误差.实验结果表明,测量系统分辨率达0.01℃,测温准确度可达±0.02℃.此设计方案,具有较高的稳定性和精确性;并且该电路结构简单、体积小、低功耗,可用于需要精密测体温场合.     

水下三维激光扫描在导管架平台损伤测量中的应用

海洋石油导管架结构受损点的尺寸测量目前主要使用机械卡尺测量，这种测量方法存在较大的误差，无法全面评估损伤点对导管架的影响，为此，需要引进新的方法和技术来满足导管架损伤点的测量。为准确评估损伤点对导管架的影响，保证导管架运营的安全，采用水下机器人（ROV）搭载三维激光扫描仪，分别对中国某海域导管架的阳极和已知损伤区域进行激光扫描，通过对激光点云数据的处理，得到被测物的三维模型，从而实现损伤结构的尺寸测量。研究结果表明，激光扫描仪便于ROV搭载和安装，可以应用于导管架已知损伤点的测量，测量精度可达毫米级。激光扫描测量的精度受诸多因素影响，作业时需优化作业方式，从而得到高质量的数据。ROV搭载水下三维激光技术，为深水结构物的尺寸测量提供了一种高精度的可行性方案，可以进行水下结构物的三维建模和尺寸测量，调查结果准确可靠，为后续的完整性评估提供参考。     

浅析GPS高程测量在地质勘探工程测量中的应用

文章详细介绍了地质勘探工程测量中对高程精度的要求,具体说明了GPS高程测量采用的方法,着重分析了能够达到的精度指标,对以后地质勘探工程测量中的高程测量采用的方法和手段有一定的现实参考意义。     

考虑沉桩挤土效应的楔形管桩纵向振动特性

基于剪切复刚度传递方法研究考虑沉桩挤土效应的楔形管桩纵向振动特性。首先,根据楔形管桩特殊的桩身结构并考虑桩周土的成层性,将桩-土体系沿竖向划分为若干段,进一步地,将桩周土沿径向划分为若干环形圈层以考虑沉桩过程中的挤土效应导致的土体径向非均质性；逐圈层求解土体动力平衡方程并通过相邻圈层间剪切复刚度的传递得到桩-土界面的剪切复刚度,求解桩的动力平衡方程,并结合Laplace变换和阻抗函数递推的方法,得到楔形管桩桩顶复阻抗频域响应解析解；通过与已有解答的对比证明了本文解的可靠性,在此基础上,分析了楔形管桩桩身参数及沉桩过程中的挤土效应对低频范围内桩顶复阻抗的影响。     

一次泵变流量系统部分负荷特性实验

搭建了变流量空调系统实验台，对一次泵变流量空调系统在定干管压差控制策略下部分负荷工况的运行特性进行了实验。结果表明：随着负荷率的降低，冷水机组COP先升高后降低，且在60%负荷率时COP最高；水泵综合效率始终降低；冷水机组输入功率与水泵输入功率呈现出不同的变化趋势——水泵输入功率始终降低，而冷水机组输入功率先降低后升高，导致27.2%负荷率下冷水机组和水泵的总输入功率高于45.1%负荷率下的总输入功率；水泵的变频运行不满足相似定律，推导出水泵输入功率与流量的关系方程，得出其输入功率与定压差阻力和机房侧阻力所占比重以及水泵综合效率有关，实验中水泵的输入功率近似与流量的二次幂成正比。     

多星载光学传感器系统误差极大似然配准算法

针对低轨星座协同探测弹道目标过程中存在系统误差的问题，提出多星载光学传感器系统误差极大似然配准（maximum likehood registration，MLR）算法。通过一阶Taylor近似对非线性量测转换线性化，推导出目标状态的误差协方差与卫星轨道定向、姿态角测量和传感器测量等随机误差的关系，并基于视线交叉获得观测在状态空间中的近似投影，从而将MLR算法扩展到低轨星座多光学传感器的误差配准。通过引入各类测量误差的先验信息对目标状态的误差协方差进行修正，利用期望极大化迭代，实现了对系统误差的无偏有效估计及目标轨迹的融合估计。仿真验证了所提算法的有效性，且配准性能优越。     

离散混沌测量矩阵构造及其性能研究

若测量矩阵满足约束等距性(restricted isometric property, RIP),则样本能够完美恢复出原始信号。而对于给定矩阵很难验证其是否满足RIP需求,因此,本文采用李雅普诺夫指数作为一种针对离散混沌测量矩阵的验证指标。首先分析了RIP与李雅普诺夫指数之间的联系,然后给出了一种分段式混沌映射构造方法用以提高混沌性能,并从理论和仿真上证明了该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,这种方法不仅提高了混沌序列的随机性和自相关性,而且所生成的测量矩阵也具有更好的性能。因此,引进李雅普诺夫指数是一种有效的验证离散混沌测量矩阵性能的方法,提高李雅普诺夫指数能够提高混沌测量矩阵的性能。     

On the Difficulty of Measuring Forecasting Skill in Financial Markets

The use of correlation between forecasts and actual returns is commonplace in the literature, often used as a measurement of investors' skill. A prominent application of this is the concept of the information coefficient (IC). Not only can the IC be used as a tool to rate analysts and fund managers but it also represents an important parameter in the asset allocation and portfolio construction process. Nevertheless, a theoretical understanding of it has typically been limited to the partial equilibrium context where the investing activities of each agent have no effect on other market participants. In this paper we show that this can be an undesirable oversimplification and we demonstrate plausible circumstances in which conventional empirical measurements of IC can be highly misleading. We suggest that improved understanding of IC in a general equilibrium setting can lead to refined portfolio decision making ex ante and more informative analysis of performance ex post. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.