2018年深空探测热点回眸

 深空探测指人类航天器离开近地轨道、进入太阳系空间和宇宙空间，对地球以外天体（月球及以远天体）或空间环境开展的科学探测。2018年，国际深空探测叠彩纷呈：中国“嫦娥四号”成功实现国际首次月球背面软着陆并将开展巡视勘察；美国“洞察号”探测器登陆火星；向太阳系空间进发，朝向日心方向，欧洲空间局和日本合作研制的BeipiColombo探测器正飞向水星、美国“帕克号”探测器开启“史诗级”旅行去“触摸太阳”，远离日心方向，“新视野号”成功飞掠柯伊伯带的小行星“天涯海角”、“旅行者2号”突破日球层顶；美国“奥西里斯-REx”和日本“隼鸟2号”顺利抵达各自目标小行星执行采样任务。2018年，月球表面存在水冰、火星发现有机分子、太阳系边际再抵近等发现或突破对于探寻生命起源、太阳系起源和演化，拓展人类知识体系具有重要意义。     

利用SS前驱波研究纳斯卡–南美俯冲带周边上地幔间断面起伏及其动力学意义

利用USArray的远震记录资料, 对1万多条地震记录的SS前驱波进行共反射点叠加分析(叠加范围是半径为5°的球冠), 得到纳斯卡板块南部及南美板块西部(120°W—60°W, 30°S—5°N)上地幔间断面的起伏形态。由于数据很好地覆盖了研究区域, 叠加范围更小, 因此比以往的结果具有更高的空间分辨率。在Galapagos, Easter和 San Felix这3个热点下方观测到的间断面起伏形态符合地幔深部存在高温异常的假设。还观测到: 在东太平洋洋隆南段下方, 410 km间断面深度增加; 在俯冲带下方, 410 km和 660 km间断面深度增加。     

Overview of bat species reported in Albania with the first country records for eight species

The bat fauna of Albania, a country located in a Balkan glacial refugium and a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, has remained poorly studied although as many as 21 species and representatives of three species complexes had been reported before 2003. It was expected that several new species would be added to the country’s list of fauna, not only due to their occurrence in adjacent regions but to the splitting of already known taxa into sibling species and the discovery of new, cryptic species. Altogether, we recorded 32 bat species in Albania, including all of those previously reported (21) and 11 new species for the country, as a result of field work conducted in 2003–2012. Here, we report on eight bat species including Rhinolophus mehelyi, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Plecotus kolombatovici, Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis brandtii that had not been reported previously in Albania while three species (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Plecotus austriacus, Myotis mystacinus) had been reported before changes to their taxonomy and so could be treated only as representatives of a particular species complex (i.e. sensu lato). We greatly extended the known geographic ranges of five species in the south of Europe.     

2002-2012年中国林学基础研究热点分析——基于国家自然科学基金申请项目和资助项目关键词的研究

本文通过对2002-2012年国家自然科学基金委员会林学学科申请和资助项目的关键词进行共词分析,剖析了各关键词之间的关系,并借助对高频关键词的聚类分析和多维尺度分析,揭示了这11年来林学学科基础研究的热点及其内涵,探讨了目前被科学家忽视的重要科学问题.这一分析将为做好林学学科布局,促进学科均衡持续发展提供帮助.     

基于连通树的兵棋推演热区检测算法

提出了一种基于连通树的热区检测算法, 可检测任意形状的热区, 目的是通过检测兵棋推演过程中军事行动频繁的区域, 为受训人员了解整个战场态势提供辅助参考. 算法在明确了热区定义的基础上, 首先构建连通树将数据集按连通区域进行最小划分, 再根据设定的密度阈值对连通树进行剪枝. 剪枝处理后的每棵连通子树是最终的热区. 理论和实验结果均验证了该算法的有效性.     

关于当代大学生阅读热点与思想动态的统计分析

高校图书馆是大学生思想政治工作的重要阵地。“大学图书馆书目检索系统”的统计数据可以反映出大学生一段时间内的阅读热点和思想动态，通过分析“大学图书馆书目检索系统”的数据，可为有针对性地开展大学生思想政治工作提供参考依据。     

无线网络中路由热点博弈模型

研究了两种场景下的路由热点博弈:一是用户可以将通信量分割成多块而选择多路由,二是用户在通信量不能分割时选择多路由.提出了一种路由热点博弈的形式化模型,在该模型下分析两种场景下纳什均衡的存在,并研究了两种场景中纳什均衡效率.通过对调和率的分析得出如下结论:两种场景中的调和率均是无边界的,只有当选择的路径中包含最少的热点时,网络才能达到最优的纳什均衡.     

Two new species of miniature psammophilic sarcoglanidine catfishes of the genus Microcambeva from the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

ABSTRACT

Trichomycterid catfishes of the Sarcoglanidinae, which includes small-sized species living in sandy river substratum, have been poorly represented in collections. We herein describe two new species of the sarcoglanidine genus Microcambeva, endemic to river basins draining the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The presence of a distal widening on the posterior process of the autopalatine and a rudimentary anterior autopalatine ossification shared by the two new species, M. mucuriensis sp. nov. from the Rio Mucuri and M. jucuensis sp. nov. from the Rio Jucu basin, and M. draco from the Rio Jucuruçu basin indicates that these three species are more closely related to each other than to other congeners. Microcambeva mucuriensis seems to be more closely related to M. draco than to M. jucuensis in that the first two species share the presence of a well-developed anterior process of the interopercle. The two new species are also distinguished from congeners by the number of opercular odontodes and premaxillary teeth, and the relative size of the sesamoid supraorbital. Available evidence taken from this study and previous reports indicates that different sarcoglanidine lineages have adapted to live in distinct riverine habitats, with species of Atlantic Forest Microcambeva inhabiting clearwater streams and Amazonian sarcoglanidines found in tea-stained acidic-water streams.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8CFF9C88-1CEC-44AF-AD26-1D4A56F3D946     

HAPS-CDMA系统热点地区上行容量提升方案

为降低高空平台CDMA(HAPS-CDMA)系统干扰并提升容量,针对CDMA系统上行链路容量受干扰所限的特点,提出了一种新的双层蜂窝重叠覆盖方案。该方案在原有HAPS-CDMA系统热点小区上引入单个地面CDMA基站服务小区,形成双层蜂窝重叠覆盖系统,并通过调整引入的地面CDMA小区大小来达到最大可能减小HAPS-CDMA系统小区内干扰、提高系统容量的目的。为了更贴近实际,假设地面用户呈高斯分布。仿真结果表明,与单系统相比,该双层蜂窝系统能够较好地降低小区内的干扰,改善各层小区系统容量,尤其是热点地区容量提升最大,且在双蜂窝半径比达到特定值时各层小区均获得最佳容量改善量。     

加速器驱动次临界系统发展态势分析

该文聚焦加速器驱动次临界系统的相关研究,利用ISI Web of Knowledge 数据库中收录的加速器驱动次临界系统相关的研究论文作为分析对象,分析了时间、主题、国家和机构等分布特征及国际合作情况,并结合定性资料的调研,表明2000年来,加速器驱动次临界系统的相关研究日趋活跃,美国、日本、德国、法国和俄罗斯5个国家...