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1.
基于前期已获得的中华蜜蜂(简称中蜂)幼虫肠道转录组数据,利用TopHat2软件在正常(AcCK)及球囊菌胁迫的中蜂幼虫肠道样品(AcT1、AcT2、AcT3)中共鉴定出发生于9124个基因的57327个可变剪切事件,其中以基因间(17.68%)、可变3′端剪切(15.32%)、外显子跨越(14.12%)和可变5′端剪切(12.81%)类型为主.Venn分析结果显示4个肠道样品的共有可变剪切基因数为8111个,特有可变剪切基因数分别为272、189和385个.GO分类结果显示共有可变剪切基因涉及47个条目,AcT1、AcT2、AcT3的特有可变剪切基因分别富集于24、20和34个条目.KEGG代谢通路富集分析结果显示,共有可变剪切基因富集在327个代谢通路,基因富集数最多的是RNA转运、内质网蛋白加工及核糖体;AcT1、AcT2、AcT3的特有可变剪切基因分别富集在22、46和83个代谢通路.结果揭示了可变剪切基因在宿主的胁迫响应过程中的重要作用.  相似文献   
2.
为评价灭活型副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶润肠通便和调节肠道菌群的作用,招募便秘受试者61人,随机分为两组,分别饮用普通常温酸奶和含L9的常温酸奶28d,饮用结束后分析受试者便秘相关症状、粪便短链脂肪酸含量和肠道菌群的变化情况。结果显示:与常温酸奶组相比,灭活型副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶组受试者排便次数显著增加(P<0.05),排便状况和粪便性状评分极显著降低(P<0.01);粪便中丁酸含量极显著增加(P<0.01),丙酸和总酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);并显著增加产短链脂肪酸的菌属,如Blautia、Ruminococcus_2和_hallii_group。研究结果表明,与普通常温酸奶相比,灭活副干酪乳杆菌L9常温酸奶具有更好的调节肠道菌群缓解便秘的作用。本研究旨在为开发含有灭活副干酪乳杆菌L9的相关功能食品提供理论依据。  相似文献   
3.
【目的】研究不同养殖系统对凡纳滨对虾肠道及水体微生物多样性的影响。【方法】以循环养殖系统和非养殖系统下凡纳滨对虾养殖水体及其肠道为研究对象,在养殖30d后采集样品,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序样品细菌16SrRNA基因V3+V4区,通过RDP11.3、Greengenes13.8、NCBI 16S Microbial和Customized batabase等数据库进行分析,阐述循环养殖系统的意义和微生物在其中的作用。【结果】养殖期间,不同养殖系统凡纳滨对虾均正常存活。将原始序列优化后对Clean序列进行分析,非循环系统下水体优质序列百分比约81%,肠道中约89%;循环系统下水体优质序列百分比为92%,肠道中为94%。两种养殖系统下水体和肠道细菌在纲水平占绝对优势的是变形菌纲,但各菌群丰度不同;不同的Alpha指数显示出物种间的差异性;通过系统发育树可以看出,不同养殖系统改变了凡纳滨对虾生境中的物种及发育关系,间接阐述微生物在养殖生境中的作用和意义。【结论】通过高通量测序揭示不同养殖系统中微生物菌群的差异以及多样性,对于凡纳滨对虾实际养殖具有指导作用,对阐述养殖过程中微生物和相关疾病的关系具有重要意义。  相似文献   
4.
人类肠道微生物与人体健康有着千丝万缕的联系,肠道微生物群的改变是人体健康及功能的标志物。本文利用eLSA算法研究抗生素对人体肠道微生物菌群之间关联的影响,结果表明:抗生素对肠道微生物的影响,不仅出现在全局的时间序列关联中,同时还出现在局部和带时间延迟的关联序列中;肠道微生物经历重复的抗生素扰动时,部分扰动反应关联消失或出现新的关联,说明抗生素的扰动可以改变肠道微生物菌群间原有的状态,这种改变甚至有可能是长期的;个体拥有的肠道微生物并不完全相同,不同的个体对应同样的抗生素扰动会有不同的个性化反应。  相似文献   
5.
影响实验小鼠肠道菌群的多因素比较研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的比较研究影响实验小鼠肠道菌群的六种主要因素,为动物实验的设计和实验结果的解释提供参考,为肠道微生态菌群结构的干预与调控提供借鉴。方法采用珠磨法和酚-氯仿-异戊醇法提取肠道内容物中细菌基因组DNA,然后用16S rDNA V3区通用引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经DGGE电泳后用电泳条带数字化软件Quantity One和统计学软件SPSS对影响肠道菌群的六种因素(年龄、品种、饲养环境、饲料、个体差异和性别差异)进行比较研究。结果 Dice相关系数和主成分分析显示,年龄因素在早期(7和14日龄)对肠道菌群影响较大,到28日龄后,菌群结构趋向稳定,饲料和饲养环境成为主要的影响因素。品种和个体差异对肠道菌群也存在较大的影响,但性别差异影响相对较小,存在一定的随机性。结论以上六种因素均能在一定程度上影响肠道菌群,但其影响程度存在差异,在动物实验设计和实验结果解释时应充分考虑避免或利用这些影响因素。  相似文献   
6.
通过比较丝线、羊肠线2种不同材料和不同结扎道数对大鼠CCI疼痛模型痛阈值的影响,优化筛选出更易在实验过程中普及的技术方法.将42只SD雄性大鼠随机分成7组,包括结扎丝线4道、3道与2道3个组;结扎羊肠线4道、3道与2道3个组和1个假手术组,每组6只大鼠.铬制羊肠线和丝线分别结扎大鼠左侧坐骨神经2道、3道、4道;假手术组只暴露左侧坐骨神经,不进行结扎处理.建模成功后测量各组大鼠的机械性缩足反应阈值(MWT),发现丝线3道、4道组和羊肠线2道、3道、4道组与假手术组和自身基础的MWT有极显著差异(P〈0.01);假手术对照组、丝线2道组与各组自身基础的MWT之间没有差异(P〉0.05),结扎手术前后的MWT之间差异显著,结扎后第7天、14天和21天的MWT之间没有差异.羊肠线3组之间没有显著性差异(P〉0.05).由此可得出结论:羊肠线2道、3道、4道组,以及丝线3道、4道组均能产生稳定的神经痛,根据MWT的数值大小和是否出现自噬现象可认为,以羊肠线结扎2道组最好,不但MWT的数值小,且操作简便又节省时间,可作为大鼠CCI建模的首选方法.  相似文献   
7.
Beside its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, serotonin appears to be a central physiologic mediator of many gastrointestinal (GI) functions and a mediator of the brain-gut connection. By acting directly and via modulation of the enteric nervous system, serotonin has numerous effects on the GI tract. The main gut disturbances in which serotonin is involved are acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, carcinoid syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome. Serotonin also has mitogenic properties. Platelet-derived serotonin is involved in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. In diseased liver, serotonin may play a crucial role in the progression of hepatic fibrosis and the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. Better understanding of the role of the serotonin receptor subtypes and serotonin mechanisms of action in the liver and gut may open new therapeutic strategies in hepato-gastrointestinal diseases. Received 15 August 2007; received after revision 1 November 2007; accepted 5 November 2007  相似文献   
8.
Summary The fatal syndrome produced by cycloheximide given 6 h after a hepatonecrogenic dose of CCl4 is due neither to direct toxic synergism between CCl4 and cycloheximide nor to transient sinusoidal thrombosis. It is suggested that survival in the presence of unknown factors released from dying liver cells requires uninterrupted protein synthesis. The life-saving effect of sterilization of the intestine by antibiotics indicates that the gut flora or its products play a vital role in pathogenesis.Acknowledgments. I wish to thank Mr C. R. West for carrying out the statistical analysis, Mrs Brenda Brooks for histological processing, and Berk Pharmaceuticals Ltd for information on Ancrod defibrination in mice.  相似文献   
9.
Summary An enteric neural receptor for serotonin (5-HT) has been characterized. This receptor was assayed, using3H-5-HT as a radiologand, by rapid filtration of isolated enteric membranes and by radioautography. In addition, intracellular recordings were made from ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus. High affinity, saturable, reversible, and specific binding of3H-5-HT was demonstrated both to membranes of the dissected longitudinal muscle with adherent myenteric plexus and the mucosa-submucosa. Radioautographs showed these3H-5-HT binding sites to be in myenteric ganglia and in a broad unresolved band at the mucosal-submucosal interface. Antagonists active at receptors for other neurotransmitters than 5-HT, at either of the two known types of CNS 5-HT receptor, and at 5-HT uptake sites on serotonergic neurons failed to inhibit binding of3H-5-HT. The structural requirements of analogues for binding to the enteric 5-HT receptor matched the known pharmacology of M or neural 5-HT receptors. A novel 5-HT antagonist was found. This compound, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide (5-HTP-DP), antagonized the action of 5-HT on type II/AH cells of the myenteric plexus but did not affect the release or actions of acetylcholine (nicotinic or muscarinic) or substance P. 5-HTP-DP was also an equally potent displacer of3H-5-HT from its binding sites on enteric membranes. It is concluded that the sites responsible for specific binding of3H-5-HT are enteric M or neural 5-HT receptors. These receptors differ from those now known to be present in the CNS.  相似文献   
10.
Pathogenic enterococci: new developments in the 21st century   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
Enterococci, traditionally viewed as Gram-positive commensal bacteria inhabiting the alimentary canals of humans and animals, are now acknowledged to be organisms capable of causing life-threatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial environment. The existence of enterococci in such a dual role is facilitated, at least in part, by its intrinsic and acquired resistance to virtually all antibiotics currently in use. Beginning with the initial identification of a streptococci of fecal origin in the late 19th century, enterococci have been studied for over a century now. A number of comprehensive reviews during this time have addressed various aspects of enterococci, including classification, biology, virulence, antibiotic resistance and so on. This review specifically addresses the important advances in the field of enterococcal research that have occurred since the beginning of the 21st century. Most notable among these developments have been the insights into enterococcal genomes and pathogenicity.Received 10 April 2003; received after revision 31 May 2003; accepted 3 June 2003  相似文献   
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