冻融循环和氯盐侵蚀作用下钢筋与混凝土的粘结性能

为了研究冻融循环和氯盐侵蚀两种因素对钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的影响,本文设计了光圆钢筋和螺纹钢筋两种钢筋混凝土试件,对其在三种不同冻融次数（15次、25次、50次）和三种不同浓度（3.5%、7%、10%）氯盐溶液条件下进行试验,探讨钢筋混凝土试件试验后的粘结性能退化规律。结果表明：光圆钢筋试件表现为拔出破坏,螺纹钢筋试件表现为劈裂破坏,当冻融循环次数较少时,钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结性能随着氯盐侵蚀程度的增加略有提高,当冻融循环次数大于等于25次时,粘结性能随氯盐浓度的增加而变差,冻融破坏程度不同,钢筋与混凝土粘结性能随氯盐浓度大小变化的敏感程度不同。最后根据试验结果拟合出冻融氯盐侵蚀后试件的粘结强度—滑移本构关系。     

冻融作用下玻化微珠保温混凝土的劈裂抗拉性能试验

在保温混凝土优化配合比的基础上,选定水灰比、水泥用量、砂率和外加剂掺量四个影响因素,设计正交试验,采用快冻法对混凝土进行0、15、30、50次冻融循环,观察各组试件表面剥蚀情况,确定混凝土强度及其退化特征。试验结果表明,0.50为最佳水灰比,经过50次冻融循环作用后,强度下降为初始值的66.7%。建立了冻融后保温混凝土劈裂抗拉强度值与冻融循环次数之间线性函数关系,并通过极差分析确定了水灰比是影响混凝土冻融后强度的主要因素。     

沥青混合料冻融损伤特性研究

基于Maxwell模型建立了沥青混合料冻融损伤本构方程,以冻融后的劈裂强度作为损伤变量,分析沥青混合料的冻融损伤过程。分析表明,沥青混合料的低温劈裂强度随着冻融循环次数的增加而减小。冻融损伤过程大致分为快速损伤期、稳定损伤期及损伤发展期3个阶段。空隙率大小对沥青混合料的冻融损伤有较大影响。多孔沥青混合料劈裂强度比稳定值约为40％,沥青混凝土劈裂强度比约为70％,在4～8个冻融循环之后达到冻融损伤稳定期。     

冷冻-解冻对烹饪后鸡胸肉的感官描述剖面的影响(英文)

冷冻是消费者用于延长肉类储藏期的一种常用方法,也是研究人员常用于肉类品质评估和加工的前道工序.目前尚无完善记录表明,冷冻对烹饪后的禽胸肉质的感官品质会产生影响.本研究的目的是比较新鲜与冷冻-解冻鸡胸肉的感官质量剖面属性.鸡胸肉块在宰后24 h内从胴体上分割,分别以新鲜状态直接烹饪或置于-20℃冷冻.冷冻样品采用三种不同解冻方式:冷冻后直接取出烹饪解冻(0 h);在20℃水中预解冻2 h后烹饪(2 h);或在4℃预解冻24 h后烹饪(24 h).对照组则为新鲜鸡胸肉直接烹饪.肉块加热到78℃时用于评价感官质量属性.该实验由经过训练的描述型品评员采用0~15强度标度法进行评价.结果显示:不同的处理方式并没有引起任何风味特征和5种质构特征(内聚力、硬度、多汁、肉块大小、肉块湿度)上的差异(P0.05).然而,不同处理方式引起了团块内聚性、分解率和咀嚼性上的显著差异(P0.05):冻后直接烹饪(0 h)和解冻24 h烹饪(24 h)的鸡肉块的团块内聚性评价要明显高于预解冻2 h的样品.冻后直接烹饪样品(0h)的分解率和咀嚼性显著高于新鲜对照组和预解冻2 h的样品.本研究结果表明,冷冻-解冻对鸡胸肉的感官风味品质无影响,但可能改变烹饪后鸡胸肉的质构特征.因此,冷冻-解冻对肉类质构的影响取决于烹饪前的解冻方法.     

应用自然伽马曲线反演陇东地区延安组沉积旋回

自然伽马曲线包含丰富的地质信息,能够很好地反映由气候变化引起的地层旋回.采用频谱分析对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延安组湖沼相自然伽马测井曲线进行反演,可以得出地层中很好地保存了高频的米兰科维奇旋回,认为研究区延安组地层中的沉积旋回主要受古气候变化的控制,其中偏心率周期引起的地层旋回厚度变化范围为7.86～16.75 m;地轴倾角周期引起的地层旋回厚度变化范围为2.34～6.36 m;岁差周期引起的地层旋回厚度变化范围为1.14～2.96 m.频谱分析法可用于测井曲线进行高频沉积旋回分析.     

平面图3-可着色的3个充分条件

平面图3-可着色是指可用3种颜色对该图的顶点进行着色,使得相邻的顶点着不同的颜色.研究了平面图在长度不大于6的圈或长度不大于7的圈之间满足一定条件下是3-可着色的.     

Synopsis of the life cycles of Digenea (Platyhelminthes) from lagoons of the northern coast of the western Mediterranean

The present document reports on the large amount of data relating to digenean parasites recorded from or known to be present in various hosts in lagoons of the northern coast of the western Mediterranean, which has been compiled from the literature of more than a century. In these lagoons, at least 72 nominal species of digeneans have been recorded. This total corresponds to approximately 12% of the 584 “marine” digenean species reported for Europe. Data are provided on the life cycles of 56 digenean species. The life cycle has been totally elucidated for 44 species (25 from fish, 19 from birds), and partly for the other 12 species (seven from fish, five from birds). This means that the life cycle is known for 61.1% of the recorded fauna (44/72) and partly for 16.7%, but remains unknown for 22.2%, making it, in this respect, one of the best understood digenean marine faunas in the world. In addition, a checklist is provided dealing with the cercarial and metacercarial forms recorded from lagoons of the northern coast of the western Mediterranean, which have been described only on the basis of characters of these larval stages and which remain without demonstrated links to a corresponding sexual adult stage in a vertebrate.     

On the Gracefulness of the Digraphs n·Cm＊

A digraph D（V, E） is said to be graceful if there exists an injection f ： V（G） →{0, 1,... , ｜E｜} such that the induced function f＇ ： E（G） --~ {1, 2,… , ｜E｜} which is defined by f＇ （u, v） = [f（v） - f（u）] （rood ｜E｜＋ 1） for every directed edge （u, v） is a bijection. Here, f is called a graceful labeling （graceful numbering） of D（V, E）, while f＇ is called the induced edge＇s graceful labeling of D. In this paper we discuss the gracefulness of the digraph n- Cm and prove that n. Cm is a graceful digraph for m = 15, 17 and even     

一个定理证明的商榷

指出关于生化反应中微分方程权限环存在性的一个证明中的错误，重新给出了证明。     

Seasonal prediction of European cereal prices: good forecasts using bad models?

Because of their natural adherence to the climate and pronounced seasonal cycles, prices of field crops constitute an interesting field for exploring seasonal time series models. We consider quarterly prices of two major cereals: barley and wheat. Using traditional in‐sample fit and moving‐window techniques, we investigate whether seasonality is deterministic or unit‐root stochastic and whether seasonal cycles have converged over time. We find that seasonal cycles in the data are mainly deterministic and that evidence on common cycles across countries differs for the two commodities. Out‐of‐sample prediction experiments, however, yield a ranking with respect to accuracy that does not match the statistical in‐sample evidence. Parametric bootstrap experiments establish that the observed mismatch is indeed an inherent and systematic feature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.