Enhancing survey‐based investment forecasts

We investigate the accuracy of capital investment predictors from a national business survey of South African manufacturing. Based on data available to correspondents at the time of survey completion, we propose variables that might inform the confidence that can be attached to their predictions. Having calibrated the survey predictors' directional accuracy, we model the probability of a correct directional prediction using logistic regression with the proposed variables. For point forecasting, we compare the accuracy of rescaled survey forecasts with time series benchmarks and some survey/time series hybrid models. In addition, using the same set of variables, we model the magnitude of survey prediction errors. Directional forecast tests showed that three out of four survey predictors have value but are biased and inefficient. For shorter horizons we found that survey forecasts, enhanced by time series data, significantly improved point forecasting accuracy. For longer horizons the survey predictors were at least as accurate as alternatives. The usefulness of the more accurate of the predictors examined is enhanced by auxiliary information, namely the probability of directional accuracy and the estimated error magnitude.     

基于成像算子优化的微震逆时定位方法

针对目前微震逆时定位成像存在的问题,提出一种优化后的成像算子,对模型数据进行抗噪性、误差速度以及检波器分布和数量进行测试,并提出采用峰度值作为定位成像结果的评价标准。结果表明,优化后的成像条件在定位能量聚焦程度和成像分辨率上都得到了提升,对含速度误差和含噪微震数据都有较好的成像结果,并且对检波器的分布和数量有较好的适应性,取得了较为理想的定位效果。     

取用水监测点的水量计算与变化趋势分析

加强取用水监测是实施最严格水资源管理制度的重要举措.为了更有效地利用大量的取用水在线监测数据,需要对获取的监测数据进行预处理.本文首先提出应用中位数法与曲线拟合相结合的方法对取用水监测数据进行异常值检测,再用曲线拟合方法对异常值进行校正;其次,根据校正后得到的数据进行两个方面的分析,一方面是计算监测点的年取水量,另一方面是应用集成经验模态分解方法分析监测点的日取水量变化趋势;最后,以M市的16个自来水厂2016年取用水在线监测数据为例进行实证分析,结果表明,本文提出的中位数法与曲线拟合相结合的方法能够有效地检测异常值,进而再用曲线拟合方法能够更好地对异常值校正.根据校正后得到的数据进行分析发现81%的监测点年取水量相对2011年水利普查数据有所增加,个别监测点超出许可取水量较多,75%的监测点从春季到冬季日取水量变化为先增后减的抛物线趋势.     

基于权重调节和用户偏好的协同过滤算法

针对传统相似度计算方法只利用用户的评分信息这一显性反馈行为进行推荐, 导致推荐效果不理想的问题, 提出一种新的相似度计算方法, 通过引入权重调节机制及用户行为偏好等隐性反馈信息, 提升推荐的准确度. 首先, 根据负采样的反用户频率, 降低流行物品全局软件工程的影响程度, 并使用共同评分行为的最小权重, 调节因共同评分数过少而导致的推荐准确度偏差. 其次, 提出项目偏好词定义, 根据项目偏好词矩阵计算出在项目特征上具有共同偏好的用户. 最后, 在MovieLens数据集上进行实验对比分析, 实验结果表明, 改进后的相似度计算有较优的MAE值, 且有更高的推荐准确性.     

Predicting exchange rates in Asia: New insights on the accuracy of survey forecasts

By linking measures of forecast accuracy as well as testing procedures with regard to forecast rationality this paper investigates aggregated survey forecasts with forecast horizons of 3, 12, and 24 months for the exchange rates of the Chinese yuan, the Hong Kong dollar, the Japanese yen, and the Singapore dollar vis-à-vis the US dollar and, hence, for four different currency regimes. The rationality of the exchange rate predictions is initially assessed utilizing tests for unbiasedness and efficiency which indicate that the investigated forecasts are irrational in the sense that the predictions are biased. As one major contribution of this paper, it is subsequently shown that these results are not consistent with an alternative, less restrictive, measure of rationality. Investigating the order of integration of the time series as well as cointegrating relationships, this empirical evidence supports the conclusion that the majority of forecasts are in fact rational. Regarding forerunning properties of the predictions, the results are rather mediocre, with shorter term forecasts for the tightly managed USD/CNY FX regime being one exception. As one additional important and novel evaluation result, it can be concluded, that the currency regime matters for the quality of exchange rate forecasts.     

一种新的维吾尔文字幕关键帧提取方法

为了快速有效地提取视频中含有维吾尔文字幕的关键帧提出一种新方法.该方法首先运用多尺度Harris角点检测,结合维吾尔文字笔画特点,完成字幕关键帧的初步提取;然后利用最小二乘法拟合直线,根据两条拟合直线的角度偏离情况对初步提取的结果作去冗余处理,得到最终字幕关键帧.实验结果表明:该方法快速简单,提取结果的准确率达到93%,具有很好的适应性.     

探究洛伦兹曲线模型及实例分析

利用洛仑兹曲线的特性,构造出新模型,证明了该模型满足洛伦兹曲线条件.并用实际数据进行验证,找出了五种洛伦兹曲线模型与之对比,发现新模型拟合效果非常显著,这一模型为更好地监控居民收入分配格局提供了较好的理论依据,具有一定的实际意义.     

叙述性偏好法实验的有效样本量模型框架

叙述性偏好法(SP)是一种通过实验设计研究人们偏好的方法,通常结合离散选择模型估计参数.针对SP实验设计缺乏足以得到准确参数估计的有效样本量的问题,提出一个易于操作、更加全面的SP实验有效样本量估计方法框架,实现通过一个线性模型来估计实验所需的有效样本量.应用该框架开展实证研究,发现要素的数量、要素水平的数量、参数的尺度、样本量以及实验设计策略都对参数的准确性产生显著的影响,得到3种设计策略下的有效样本量估计模型.以此为基础,提出SP实验设计的实践原则.     

草莓果酒发酵动力学模型研究

以草莓为原料,对其打浆后添加果酒酵母进行发酵.在发酵过程中测定菌体浓度、糖度以及酒精生成量.利用Logistic模型、Luedeking-Piret模型和Dose Resp模型,分别建立了酵母发酵的菌体浓度变化模型、糖变化及酒精生成量变化模型.结果表明,模型与实验数据能够较好地拟合,平均误差分别为3.56%、13.01%、11.07%,能够较好地反映草莓果酒发酵过程中酵母菌数、糖消耗及酒精生成量的动态变化.